XV Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2023

Nature – inspiration in architectural design. The ways and principles of building relationships with nature and the environment are fundamental to all cultures, communities and humanity as a whole.

A large number of new architectural solutions that have emerged as a result of construction industrydevelopment allow a man to create the desired living conditions around him. Undoubtedly, the environment leaves a stamp on the aesthetic education and forms certain values, promoting understanding of the necessity to preserve nature for the future generations.

The urban environment (conditions) has become the natural habitat for people. Urbanized landscape with a lack of natural components encourages architects to create the environment similar to a natural one, to “include” nature in their constructions, thus replacing the lost natural landscape. Modern creative concepts propose the principle of compensation for the damage that has been caused to the natural landscape.

Architecture and nature as unified whole. Architectural bionics, geonics, biomimetics, green architecture and green construction, such definitions as nature-integrated and nature-equivalent architecture are just a small part of the names used in the description of the environmental trends in architectural design.

"Green" construction is the practice of constructing and operating buildings which aims to reduce the consumption of energy and material resources while maintaining or improving the quality of buildings and the comfort of the indoor environment. The Bosco Verticale Skyscraper demonstrates such practice.

Architectural bionics is the use of the main means and principles of living nature organization in material production. The main principles are the study and active implementation of the laws of formation and structure of living tissues in building construction. An example is the bionic house designed by a Moscow-based firm “Nico Architect”.

Sustainable architecture is a set of architectural and engineering solutions which provide high performance of human habitat and preserve the ecological balance. Architecture designed on the principles of sustainable development is referred to as sustainable, "green", ecologically friendly or energy efficient architecture.

Landscape architecture. The art of landscape gardening is of great importance in the system of culture. It is a place of human “communication” both with nature and works of art. This is a product of civilization, a reflection of the level of achievements in the field of landscape architecture and the level of aesthetic development of mankind.

The examples of landscape architecture are: the Alexandrovsky Park in Tsarskoye Selo in St. Petersburg (the 18^th – 19^th centuries); the Summer Garden in St. Petersburg; the Pavlovsky Park.

Architectural buildings representing the tendency to architecture and nature unifying:

1) The complex of underground houses of Peter Wetsch, Switzerland. The complex is based on the concept of the earth as an insulating material, effectively protecting against rain and heat loss. These constructions are classic turf houses characterized by green roofs, a rounded "natural" shape and the absence of repetitive elements. Architects of such projects strive to make the most of the natural landscape of the area, turning fundamental building solutions into fabulous.

2) Leonardo Glass Cube, Germany. This building serves as a venue for informal meetings. Here you can see the interaction between the interior and the design of the surrounding landscape. The interior of the structure is done in white color and correlates with the architecture of the facade in the fluidity of forms.

3) Auditorio de Tenerife Concert Hall, Spain. The shape of this building resembles a bizarre fish. The roof is characterized by a characteristic curve, the height of which varies along the entire length of the building. The side windows of the Concert Hall resemble half-closed eyelids. The main hall has 1616 seats and a 16.5 meters wide stage. The entrance hall can be accessed from both sides of the building and is furnished with two terraces looking out to the sea.

On the one hand,massive urbanization helps solve some problems, but on the other hand, it has negative repercussions such as poor ecology and lack of urban green spaces. That’s why, there is a growing interest in architecture that exists in harmony with nature and does not harm it.The popularization of unifying tendencies of architecture and nature can help preserve the environment.

Bibliography.

Архитектура и природа. [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://spravochnick.ru/arhitektura_i_stroitelstvo/arhitektura_i_priroda/

Есаулов Г. В. Устойчивая архитектура - от принципов к стратегии развития / Г. В. Есаулов // Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. Томск; Издательство Томского архитектурно-строительного университета. 2014. - №6. - С. 9-23.

Павлова В.А. Исторические концепции ландшафтной архитектуры – М.: МАРХИ, 1998.