XV Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2023

Nowadays South Korea is one of the most developed countries in the world. Modern Korean architecture impressed by its unique forms and new decorative materials. The modern South Korean center of Seoul is characterized by high-rise buildings, mostly constructed along the banks of the Han River, which divides Seoul into two parts. 23 bridges connecting the two sides of Seoul are the greatest examples of modern engineering. The "Rainbow Fountain" bridge opened in 2009 is the longest (its length is 1140 m) fountain bridge in the world [4].

The northern districts of Seoul are considered to be a cultural and historical part of the city as there are surviving royal palaces, while the southern district is associated with office buildings.

The main compositional and artistic features of modern architecture in South Korea that determine its regional identity are the following.

1. Simple prismatic forms of the main building volumes with exterior sun lattices, forming various grid patterns on the facade. Cells of sunshade lattices can be arranged in staggered order, forming an orthogonal equal-mesh network, performed in different sizes, rhythmically decreasing from the base to the top of the main building volume. An example is the Northeast Asia Trade Tower built in 200. It is considered the most important landmark of the Songdo business district in Incheon. The 65-storied tower is one of the tallest buildings in South Korea. The height of this structure is about 305 meters [3].

2. "Crystal" volumes of modern buildings. These buildings stand out for their complex and multifaceted structure. The office building of the Hyundai Development Corporation (2005) is one of the sights in Seoul. This building is characterized by modern futuristic motifs expressed in the predominance of geometric shapes and lines that sharply divide the façade. The external appearance of the building does not meet the thematic specialization of the company. The architect managed to blend into the surrounding parks and city squares [5].

3. The unique plasticity, complexity and curvature of the main volumes of buildings. The GT Tower East Skyscraper (2008-2011) brought fascinating changes into the cityscape of Seoul. The undulating glass facade of GT Tower East makes it look different from every angle. Through the displacement of the total area of the facade relative to the vertical, the effect of volumetric movement is achieved. The exterior of the building is made entirely of glass. The wavy curves of the facade create an interesting visual effect [6].

4. Compositionally significant elements of the facades and the texture of the shells of the main volumes. The textures of the exterior facades of Korean high-rise buildings are very diverse. For example, the Colmeia Urbana / ARCHIUM building (2008) has load-bearing walls made of monolithic concrete. Besides buildings faced with concrete and glass, there are houses, the facades of which are covered with bricks throughout the entire height of the shaped masonry.

5. Object sculpture and elements of landscape design. Another distinctive feature of modern architecture in Korea is the unique symbol-object in the vicinity of the entrance to almost every image building, which is designed in the form of a sculpture.

In addition to high-rise buildings, modern architecture in Korea is also reflected in other structures.

The N Seoul Tower, opened in 1980 and located in the center of Seoul, is a communication and observation tower renovated in 2005, the time when the letter "N" ("N" stands for "new," "Namsan" and "nature") was added. Its height is 236 meters (together with the Namsan Hill on which the tower stands its height is 500 meters above the ground). There is also an observatory, equipped with modern telescopes, a cafe, a cinema, an exhibition center and other facilities.

The bridge in Taejong was built in 993 for the Expo'93, the theme of which was "The Challenge of a New Road of Development". The structure of the bridge consists of two large cable-stayed elements. At night the bridge is illuminated by two colors – red and blue [7].

The Ecorium Project was opened in Seocheon in 2013 and became a part of the Ecoplex Park. The Ecorium Project is a place where you can learn about ecology and the environment. The Ecorium is composed of various greenhouses grouped by a linear podium. Each greenhouse is designed to provide a particular atmosphere of different climatic zones.

The Busan Cinema Center with the world's longest cantilevered roof was built in 2011. There is a large lobby and a cafe inside the console. Light-emitting diode panels installed on the façade and serving as a screen during film festivals give the building a special effect of night illumination [2].

The Chunga House was built in 1980 and reconstructed into a modern Gangnam style shopping center in 2009. Gangnam is the richest district in Seoul. The exterior of the building was completely redesigned: one more floor was added, which now houses a café and an outdoor terrace. White tiles were used instead of the old stone cladding and LED screens were installed, illuminated by different colors [5].

Modern architecture in Korea, especially in Seoul, is focused on high-rise buildings. Many structures have a plastic form even though they are made of concrete and glass. Lighting has also been widely used in Korean architecture providing cityscapes with a memorable view at night.

List of references:

1.Artistic Features of Modern High-Rise Architecture in South Korea [Электронныйресурс]. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/hudozhestvennye-osobennosti-sovremennoy-vysotnoy-arhitektury-yuzhnoy-korei (датаобращения: 26.03.2019)

2. Modern Architecture of South Korea [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://www.liveinternet.ru/users/5440885/post359127443/ (дата обращения: 26.03.2019)

3.Modern architecture in South Korea: 24 Buildings With Modern And Impressive Architecture [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: https://novate.ru/blogs/110415/30797/ (датаобращения: 26.03.2019)

4. Korean traditional architecture [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://tallbuildings.ru/ru/osobennosti-korejskoj-arhitektury (датаобращения: 26.03.2019)

5. Modern Korean architecture: innovation and a little bit of traditions [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://www.berlogos.ru/article/sovremennaya-korejskaya-arhitektura-innovacionnost-i-nemnogo-tradicij/ (датаобращения: 26.03.2019)

6. Korea. Skyscrapers of Seoul [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://doramakun.ru/interesting/asian-facts/1447592487.html (дата обращения: 26.03.2019)

7. Modern architecture of South Korea [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://xexe.club/19910-sovremennaya-arhitektura-yuzhnoy-korei-24-samyh-voshititelnyh-zdaniya.html (датаобращения: 26.03.2019)