XIV Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2022

The identification of various classes of phraseological units, dependencies of the components of the FE depends on the procedures of the phraseological description method, since they provide an analysis of their morphological and syntactic features, as well as lexical and euphonic expressive means. These procedures make it possible to describe the phraseological system and its inherent asymmetry [3, p. 97], the possibility of studying various types of meanings of stable combinations of words [5, p. 46].

One of the important procedures of the phraseological description method is the analysis of the correlation of phraseological units with significant, service, modal words and interjections, as well as with variable sentences, taking into account both the differences between them and their similarities, which makes it possible to distinguish:

substantive (turns, grammatically the dominant component of which is the noun, the categorical meaning is the subject);

adjectival (have the values of a qualitative characteristic and act in the sentence as a function of the definition or nominal part of the predicate);

adverbial or adverbial (characterize the quality of the action and perform the role of circumstances in the sentence);

verbal (in a sentence they act as a predicate; in combination with other words they can agree, manage and be controlled);

interjections (express will, feelings, acting as separate undifferentiated sentences);

modal and service phraseological units;

whole-predicative phraseological units (proverbs and sayings).

Speaking about the component analysis of phraseological units based on taking into account their constancy and variability, it becomes possible to distinguish five types of component dependencies. Grammatical analysis establishes the grammatical structure of phraseological units (subordination, composition), as well as their morphological and syntactic features. Idiomatisms, idiophraseomatisms and phraseomatisms are distinguished according to the principle of decreasing complexity of their semantic structure.

Idiomatisms and idiophraseomatisms are characterized from the point of view of their characteristic type of reinterpretation of meaning, and phraseomatisms - from the point of view of their semantic complication without reinterpretation of meaning. To describe combined euphonic means and lexical-euphonic means in phraseological units, one should proceed from elementary euphonic and lexical expressive means. Elementary euphonic expressive means include alliteration, assonance and rhyme. The elementary lexical means of expression include synonyms, antonyms and repetitions.

Combined euphonic means: combination of alliteration with rhyme and combination of alliteration with assonance.

Combined lexical and euphonic expressive means: repetitions with alliteration, repetitions with rhyme and comparison of antonyms and rhyme.

The system approach is decisive in the description of the phraseological fund of the language [4, p. 150], which includes three attributes: substance, structure and functions. One of the important procedures is the establishment of phraseosemantic groups in which certain phraseological units are used. These groups are set by dictionaries. Thesaurus-type dictionaries are especially useful in this regard, in which words and expressions are grouped by conceptual spheres.

Each phraseosemantic group combines phraseological synonyms, but these groups can be contrasted with each other and be antonymous [1, p. 78]. Having established the composition of a phraseosemantic group, it is possible to establish the composition of a larger association of which it is a part, namely, a phraseomicropolis, which can be included in a phraseomacropolis. This is one of the manifestations of the hierarchy of the phraseological system [6].

The essence of the procedure for establishing this hierarchy is not only to determine the composition of the phraseosemantic group, but also to identify phraseofields based on common essential features. An example is the phraseosemantic group bigwig, bignoise, bigshot, agreatgun - with the meaning of an important person, "bump". This phraseosemantic group is part of the phraseomicropolis "man", which in turn is part of the phraseomacropolis "animateness".

When analyzing the phraseological meaning, a number of procedures are used. The analysis of phraseological meaning involves seminal analysis, identification of degrees of abstraction, analysis of connotation components and analysis of internal form. The classification of types of phraseological meaning is based on various types of reinterpretation, taking into account the structures in which it is implemented. The degrees of abstraction of meaning are distinguished depending on the nature of abstraction from the lexical and grammatical meaning of the components of phraseology, from the prototype of phraseology and the meaning of syntactic construction. The nature of the internal form is established using the procedure of comparing the meaning of a phraseological unit with the literal meanings of its components. The analysis of connotation is carried out by highlighting its components (figurative-unemotional, emotive, functional-stylistic, etc.).

Nevertheless, using any procedures for describing phraseology, we proceed from the phraseological concept of A.V. Kunin and the method of phraseological identification proposed by him.

Список использованной литературы

Amosova N.N. Fundamentals of English phraseology. - M.: Book House LIBROCOM, 2013– - 216 p.

Gavrin S.G. Phraseology of the modern Russian language. - Perm, 1974.

Kunin A.V. English phraseology: Theoretical course. - M.: Higher School, 1970. - 344 p.

Kunin A.V. The course of phraseology of the modern English language: Textbook for in-tov and fac. foreign language - 2nd ed., reprint. - Moscow: Higher school, Dubna: Publishing center "Phoenix", 1996. - 381 p.

Fedulenkova T.N., Popova E.Yu. Features of semantic transformation of the component composition of English comparative phraseological units (article) // Linguistics and linguistic education in the modern world: Materials of the international conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor V.D. Arakin. - M.: Prometheus, 2004. - pp. 168-171.

Metina V., Fedulenkova T. Hierarchy of meaning in phraseology // Актуальные проблемы современной науки: Материалы науч. конф. 22-27 апреля 2013 г. «Научнаясессия. XV Невскиечтения». – № 1 (4) 2013. – СПб, 2013. – С. 102-106.