XIV Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2022

In the modern construction world, unique buildings and structures are gaining more and more popularity. These buildings are attracting attention and adding to the lists of spectacular attractions around the world. When erecting such buildings, the most modern building and finishing materials, advanced technologies and fashionable architectural techniques are used. It is thanks to the constant development of the construction industry that in most cases such structures have become a reality. Also, unique buildings and structures have become a reason for the competition of countries, construction conglomerates and architects for the title of the best of the best.

In accordance with part 2 of article 48.1 of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, unique objects include capital construction objects, the design documentation of which provides for at least one of the following characteristics- the height is more than 100 meters; The tallest skyscraper Burj Khalifa stands at 829.8 meters. It dwarfs all buildings built before 2009. Most modern high-rise buildings have steel frames that allow them to be built higher than traditional load-bearing concrete walls.

Advanced construction technologies such as clearances to allow air to pass through and mass dampers to reduce vibration loads, allowing tall structures to narrow in width. In addition to being the tallest structure in the world, the Burj Khalifa has many other records:

• the largest number of floors;

• the highest service elevator;

• highest occupied floor;

• the most majestic outdoor observation deck in the world.

Of the Russian high-rise buildings, the 13th place is taken by the Lakhta Center, which is 462 m high and has 86 floors. This building is located in St. Petersburg. Lakhta Center is the tallest building in Europe. The tower is equipped with advanced systems: • heating; • lighting; • communications management; • "smart facade" that reduces energy consumption. Instead of traditional heaters, engineers used infrared emitters: excess heat generated by the tower's electrical and mechanical devices is sent to the heating system.

The foundation of the skyscraper includes 264 piles driven into the ground at 279m, and 15 layers of meshes redistribute the weight of the tower from its core so that the skyscraper remains stable under extreme wind loads. 2) spans of more than 100 meters; The structure with the largest span in the world is considered to be a hangar in Germany, in the city of Frankfurt. It covers the area of ​​4 football fields and is one of the largest industrial buildings in Europe. 3) the presence of a console more than 20 meters; The cinema center in Busan (South Korea), designed by Coop Himmelbau, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the building with the longest cantilever roof - 85 m. 4) deepening of the underground part (in whole or in part) below the planned level of the earth by more than 15 meters.

The Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland is the most modern, longest and deepest in the world. It stretches for 57.1 km and its depth is 1.6 km. The tunnel connected the Swiss villages of Erstfed and Bodio. As the famous quote says, “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder,” but in some cases this does not work, especially when we are talking about architecture and buildings around the world. There are so strange buildings that, at times, they amaze our minds with their originality and uniqueness and become the main attractions of cities. They can truly be called true works of art. These buildings are worth seeing with your own eyes at least once in your life.

Among the most incredible buildings of our time are the following objects. Lotus Temple (New Delhi, India). The main Bahai temple of India and neighboring countries, built in 1986. Located in the city of New Delhi - the capital of India. A huge building of snow-white Pentelian marble in the shape of a blossoming lotus flower is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Delhi. It is known as the main temple of the Indian subcontinent and the main attraction of the city.

The Lotus Temple has won several architectural awards and has been featured in numerous newspaper and magazine articles. In 1921, the young Bombay Bahá'í community asked Abdu'l-Bahá for permission to build a Bahá'í temple in Bombay, to which the answer was allegedly given: "By the will of God, in the future a magnificent temple of worship will be erected in one of the central cities of India," that is, in Delhi ... Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao, Spain). Designed by American architect Frank Gehry, the Guggenheim Museum is a magnificent example of the most innovative architectural ideas of the 20th century. Constructed from titanium, it is adorned with wavy lines that change color under the sun's rays. The total area is 24,000 m2, 11,000 of which are dedicated to exhibitions.

The Guggenheim Museum is a veritable architectural landmark, an example of daring configuration and innovative design, providing a seductive backdrop for the art that it houses. This building has changed the world's view of modern architecture and museums and has become a symbol of the revival of the industrial city of Bilbao. Teapot building (Jiangsu, China).

In China, the construction of the cultural and exhibition center Wuxi Wanda Exhibition Center, made in the form of a clay teapot, is nearly completeted. This building has already officially entered the Guinness Book of Records as the tallest kettle in the world. The choice of this form is not accidental: clay teapots have been considered symbols of the Middle Kingdom since the 15th century. They are still manufactured in Jiangsu Province, where the Wuxi Wanda Exhibition Center is located.

In addition to making clay teapots, China is famous for its elite sorts of tea. Real estate developer The Wanda Group announced that it had spent 40 billion yuan ($ 6.4 billion) on the construction of the cultural and exhibition center. The result was a structure with an area of ​​3.4 million m2, a height of 38.8 m and a diameter of 50 m. Outside, the building is sheathed with aluminum sheets, which provide the necessary curvature of the frame.

In addition to them, glass stained-glass windows of various sizes play an important role. The Wuxi Wanda Center will have exhibition halls, a water park, roller coasters, and a Ferris wheel. In addition, each of the three floors of the building will be able to rotate along its own axis. The Cultural and Exhibition Center is part of the Tourism City shopping and entertainment complex, the construction of which is planned to be completed by 2017. Absolute Towers (Canada).

Like any other fast-growing suburb of North America, Mississauga is looking for a new architectural look. The Absolute Towers have become a new opportunity to respond to the needs of an ever-expanding city, to create a residential landmark that will claim to be more than just efficient housing. They can create a permanent emotional connection with their hometown for residents. Such a structure can be safely included in the list of the most beautiful skyscrapers in the world.

Instead of the simple, functional logic of modernism, the design of the towers expresses the complex multiple needs of modern society. These buildings are much more than just a multifunctional machine. This is something beautiful, human and alive. The towers play an important role as a gateway to the city, located at the intersection of two main city streets. Despite the special status of these towers as a significant landmark, the emphasis in the project was by no means their height, as is the case with most of the tallest buildings in the world. Thanks to the design features, continuous balconies surround the entire building, eliminating the vertical barriers traditionally used in high-rise architecture. The Absolute Towers rotate in different projections at different levels, blending with the surrounding landscapes. The goal of the designers was to provide a good 360-degree view from any point of the building, as well as to provide residents with contact with natural elements, awakening in them a reverent attitude towards nature. The height of tower A with 56 floors is 170 m, and tower B with a height of 50 floors is 150 m.

The list of similar objects is very long, all these buildings are truly incredible and unique. Summing up the above, I would like to note that the construction of unique buildings and structures is very widespread and will only gain its popularity. More and more construction universities are beginning to open specialties aimed specifically at training specialists who will design such construction projects.

Bibliography

Unique Buildings and Structures in the World • 333+ Images • [ArtFacade] (artfasad.com)

15 Tallest Buildings In The World | In 2021 - RankRed

The most famous constructions of the world. The most famous world buildings (ishvetsov.ru)

Interesting residential buildings. The most unusual houses in the world, where everyone can stay (peskiadmin.ru)