XIV Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2022

among the middle class, and cricket was played by the upper class from the verybeginning. Major competitions in many sports were also held in the UK for thefirst time. Back in 1660, the first regatta was held. In 1709, the first cricketmatch was held in England, and in 1781 – a football tournament. The chesstournament was also held in Great Britain for the first time – in 1851. Sport hasplayed a big role in shaping the English mentality. English Association football,Rugby Union, the England national cricket team have a huge impact on Englishidentity.

Football is the main national sport in the UK. It originated in the MiddleAges, and in the 19th century began to flourish and won the love of the entirepopulation. In the middle of the 19th century, the first football club appeared inEngland, a Football association was founded and uniform rules of the gamewereadopted.EachcountryintheUKhas aseparatefootball associationanditsown national team. Their football league systems are also different. Football isbest developed in England. Several cup tournaments are held here at differentlevels: the FA Cup, the Football League Cup, the Football League Trophy andothers. Football is the most favorite sport among the British. The most popularEnglish clubs are Manchester United, Liverpool, Arsenal, Chelsea, ManchesterCity.Fans inEngland areamongthemostdedicatedandactiveintheworld.

Englishfansarenotoriousforhooliganismandviolence,butrecentlythismovement hasbeen onthe decline.

Rugby is a popular contact sport in the UK, much like football. Itoriginated in the 19th century in England. In 1871, the Rugby Union ofEngland appeared. The first official match took place at the same time. Acentury later, rugby began to spread all over the world, the World Cupappeared. Rugby can also be called one of the favorite sports of the British.Golf is a Scottish invention. In the 17th century, golf went beyond the BritishIsles andappearedin Europe.Inthe 19th century,therules of golffinallytookshape in their modern form. Golf is not nearly as spectacular as football orrugby. The British prefer to play golf themselves. The game is popular witharistocrats and representatives of the middle class. It requires more financialexpenses thanmany othersports.

Untilthe 19thcentury in England, theyplayed a kindofindoortennis.

The game originated in the Middle Ages in European monasteries, later it wasplayed by French and English kings. Now it's called real tennis. Today, tennis isconsidered to be the same native English sport as football. Ordinary residents ofthe UK often play tennis at an amateur level, but most of all they like to attendgames. In general, tennis fans are more likely to belong to higher classes thanfootball fans.Tennisisaspectacular sport, andtheWimbledontournamentis

oneof themostspectacular andvibranteventsin England. SportsEnglishmenlovesports,theyarecalled sportslovers,despite thefactthatsome ofthemdo notplay games and do noteven watch them. The history of the formation of sports in Russia begins its history in thedistant past, when in ancient times there was the formation of the culture of theOlympicGames.InancientRussia,academic rowing,cross-countryskiing,iceskating, sledding, and horse riding were considered the main sports.

Personal meetings of our athletes with Western colleagues in theworkshop also played a special role in the development of sports in Russia.Athletes in weightlifting, rowing, cycling, wrestling, fencing have demonstratedbrilliant successes on the international sports arena. At the end of the 19thcentury, our athletes began to win their first high-profile international trophies.A large number of sports organizations have appeared in each city. Severalgymnasiums wereopened,which begantospecializeinsomekind of sport.

Much attention has been paid by the state to the development of national sportsin Russia.

If we talk about the popularity of sports games among Russians, then teamsports are still in priority - football, hockey, basketball, volleyball, water polo.Biathlonispopular.Alittlelessskiing,athletics,swimmingandtennis.Footballin Russia is one of the most popular sports. We are especially pleased with thesuccess of our youth team. The interest in football among the youngergeneration does not fade. And there are conditions for playing football, and theyare getting betterevery year.

In hockey, we continue to be pleased with the victories of both our clubteams and the national team. The fact that Russian athletes are invited toprofessional hockey overseas with great pleasure once again underlines theauthority of Russian hockey. A lot is still being done in the country for thedevelopment of hockey: modern stadiums, ice palaces, Golden Stick andGoldenPucktournaments.

Volleyball occupies an honorable place in the popularity rating – anotherteam game that is played with pleasure in courtyards, at improvised stadiums,school play grounds. The fans are delighted with the game of the men's nationalteam, which has won all the world titles: champions of the Olympic Games,Europe, the LeagueofNations,winnersofthe WorldCup.

Basketball is quite popular in Russia, but it is inferior in mass to footballand ice hockey. Nevertheless, there is a developed professional basketball in thecountry. The victory of the Soviet men's national team at the Olympics in 1972has already become a legend. The history of the Russian men's national teambegan in 1992. The biggest success was the title of European champions in2007. At the 2012 Olympics, the team took 3rd place. The women's team wasthe best at the 2007 European Championship, and the 2008 Olympic Games –bronze medalists.

If we talk about boxing, then it has peaks of popularity. And now there isanew riseintheinterestofRussiansinboxing.ThesuccessesofRussianboxers at international professional tournaments are also impressive. And inRussia, the Boxing League regularly holds championships, according to theirresults, the Russian national team is formed to participate in the Europeanchampionships of clubs whose athletes are unprofessionally engaged in boxing.Inaddition,thereisanationalteamthatparticipatesinOlympiccompetitions.It isalsoconsideredunprofessionalboxing.

Russia got acquainted with skates thanks to Peter I. Interestingly, thehistory of figure skating as a sports discipline began in 1865, when the type ofskating on a special skating rink was established. And the first figure skatingcompetitions were held in 1875 . The successes of our figure skaters, who fromyear to year conquer the highest step of the podium at internationalcompetitions of all levels, testify to how popular and beloved figure skating isin ourcountry. If we talk about the role of national sports, then it is exceptionally great for thecohesion of the Russian multinational society. Sport unites. And now we aretalking about giving special state significance to the promotion of sports of thepeoples ofRussia.

At the end of the article, I would like to once again note the importantrole of sport in human life and advise my readers to take their health withfullresponsibility.

Literature:

https://lingua-airlines.ru/articles/traditsionnye-britanskie-vidy-sporta/

https://newsomsk.ru/news/74606/rol_sporta_v_sovremennom_mire/

https://medru.su/sport/samye-populyarnye-vidy-sporta-v-rossii.html