XIV Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2022

Modern automotive industry is increasingly using new automatic systems and devices that are designed to perform a variety of functions in the production process of vehicles and their components. These devices provide safety, comfort and facilitate the management of production processes. Automation of assembly lines is being developed separately. With the advent of robotic mechatronic modules, huge companies began to introduce robots into logistics flows to optimize the delivery of components from point A to point B, thereby reducing the current staff of logistics staff in production.

The concept of logistics is always associated with the transportation of parts, products, waste, etc., which in turn is essentially losses, actions that do not add value to the product. Any modern enterprise, following the principles of lean production, strives to reduce losses. Therefore, the task of optimizing logistics flows in one way or another is one of the primary goals of production. At different enterprises, there are different logistics flows for transporting parts to the necessary zones, for example: automated trolleys, conveyors, monorails, transportation of parts by electric vehicles, etc.

Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages. With the development of robotics and with more and more reasonable prices for various robotic systems, enterprises are increasingly paying attention to the trend of replacing human labor with robots. To solve logistical problems, various methods of transporting components to assembly operations can be used, such as: a conveyor belt, this method allows you to transport goods over long distances, has high productivity and makes it possible to move goods in an inclined position. This method has its drawbacks: the main conveyor mechanisms (belt and rollers) have a high cost, cannot be used due to pulverized loads, limited lifting angle of transported products, limited use with high or low temperature; - a chain conveyor, in comparison with a belt conveyor, is capable of transporting loads with high temperature, heavy loads, and has high productivity.

It is more bulky, heavy, expensive and has a higher cost of operation. Conveyor chains contain large amounts of friction pairs, which requires their regular lubrication; - the rail conveyor system has low friction, as in railway transport, and the advantages of belt conveyors for continuous transportation of bulk cargo.

The disadvantage of the system is a great demand for straightness of the route, with a sufficiently large number of bends, the advantages of the system are lost. Disadvantages can also be considered the complexity of implementation and the lack of flexibility and mobility when changing the site of assembly operations; - the manual method of transportation by the operator is the easiest method to implement, but has many disadvantages.

This method is unreliable, ineffective at large production sites and is a hidden monthly production losses that companies are trying to reduce; - an electric car is more efficient at large production sites, but a qualified operator is needed to work with an electric car, which will also be losses in the production of parts. Moreover, the chance of an operator error during the transportation of components to the assembly line is not excluded; - flying drones, a new type of transportation of parts, the advantage is the speed of delivery and the ability to move parts to hard-to-reach production sites, but this method of transportation is suitable only for a small volume of manufactured products because drones have a low lifting weight and at the moment the navigation system is not sufficiently developed for introduction into mass production.

References:

1. Mokhov A.D. Development of mathematical and software control systems for mobile robots of arbitrary structure with redundant connections, 2014

2. Calculation and design of mechatronic devices : studies. manual / O. V. Veselov ; Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletov. - Vladimir : Volga Publishing House, 2019. - 168 p. ISBN 978-5-9984-0932-5

3. Veselov, O. V. Methods of artificial intelligence in diagnostics : textbook. manual / O. V. Veselov, P. S. Saburov ; Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N. G. Stoletov. - Vladimir : VlSU Publishing House, 2015. - 251 p. ISBN 978-5-9984-0579-2