XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

The majority of industrial ozonizers are based on the phenomenon of ozone electrosynthesis during a high-voltage barrier (quiet) discharge in a gas. The discharge elements of the apparatus are an air capacitor with one or more dielectric spacers made of materials with high electrical strength, which prevent the breakdown of the interelectrodegap. When an alternating voltage is applied to the elect.rodes, an i.ntense elect.ron bombard.ment of oxyge.n molecules occu.rs in the a.ir gap, acco.mpanied by d.issociatio.n or excit.ation of t.he latter, w.hich ultim.ately leads to t.he formatio.n of ozone mo.lecules. Its d.issociatio.n takes pl.ace at the s.ame time. A s.hift in dy.namic equi.librium tow.ards one o.f these processes dete.rmines the e.fficiency o.f ozone ge.neration.

Industrial ozonizers, depending o.n their des.ign, are d.ivided into p.late and tubu.lar. In tu.rn, lamell.ar devices a.re with a ce.ntral collecto.r and long.itudinal c.irculation, tubu.lar - hori.zontal and ve.rtical des.ign.

A lamellar ozonizer with a ce.ntral collecto.r (Fig. 1) rep.resents disc.harge eleme.nts placed i.n parallel a.nd closely p.ressed aga.inst each ot.her vertic.ally, whic.h alternate i.n a certai.n sequence: g.rounded elect.rode 1, die.lectric 2, h.igh voltage e.lectrode 3, d.ielectric 2, g.rounded elect.rode 1, etc. .d. The cent.ral holes 4 i.n the sect.ions thus fo.rmed are i.n communic.ation with t.he discharge g.aps 5.

Figure 1 - P.late ozonizer with a ce.ntral collecto.r

In a flat ozonator with long.itudinal c.irculation, t.he discharge e.lements co.ntain flat e.lectrodes o.f an elong.ated recta.ngular shape, w.hich are loc.ated horizo.ntally in a co.mmon chambe.r. Shown i.n fig. 2, a d.ischarge cell, includes h.igh-voltage e.lectrodes 1, d.ielectric p.lates 2 and g.rounded elect.rodes 4, p.laced in a bo.x-shaped c.asing 5. T.he high-vo.ltage elect.rodes, in tu.rn, are made o.f a pair o.f thin met.al plates, w.hich are i.nstalled at t.he same dist.ance from e.ach other i.n the cente.r of the d.ischarge ce.ll, and the two d.ielectrics a.re adjacent to g.rounded elect.rodes, eac.h of which is co.mmon to two adj.acent box c.asings. Li.kewise, in e.ach box-sh.aped casing, t.here are two p.arallel sp.ace-commun.icating ba.rrier disc.harge zones t.hat are enc.losed in t.he box-shaped c.asing,

Widely used i.n industry a.re tubular ozonizers with a ho.rizontal a.rrangement o.f discharge e.lements 2, w.hich are a.rranged in p.arallel in a co.mmon cylind.rical body 6. Tubu.lar elements 2 a.re made in t.he form of co.axial cyli.nders - oute.r metal 3 a.nd glass 4 w.ith a meta.llized coat.ing 5 of g.raphite or a.luminum app.lied to the i.nner surface ... T.he coaxial cy.linders are sep.arated by a d.ischarge s.lot 1, the u.niformity o.f which is e.nsured by spec.ial bracelet c.lamps.

Figure 2 - D.ischarge e.lement of t.he plate ozonizer with long.itudinal c.irculation

The efficie.ncy of the ozonizers is determ.ined by the r.atio of the e.nergy spent o.n ozone ge.neration to t.he energy co.nsumed. The v.alue of th.is ratio fo.r the know.n designs o.f industri.al ozonizers based on a b.arrier disc.harge reac.hes 10-13%. T.he rest of t.he electric.ity is diss.ipated as he.at due to d.ielectric repo.larization p.rocesses. I.n this reg.ard, in orde.r to avoid d.isplacement o.f equilibr.ium towards o.zone dissoc.iation and (o.r) breakdow.n of the d.ielectric b.arrier, ef.ficient he.at removal s.hould be p.rovided.

A promising d.irection fo.r increasi.ng the product.ivity of ozonizers and reduc.ing their s.ize is inc.reasing the f.requency o.f the supp.ly voltage. I.n this case, t.he fact is used t.hat the elect.ric discha.rge power is d.irectly propo.rtional to t.he frequency o.f the supp.ly voltage.

In industr.ial ozonizers operating at frequencies less than 1000 Hz, air or liquid cooling (water, brine) of a low-voltage electrode is used. At frequencies above 1000 Hz, double-sided cooling of both electrodes is mandatory. Glass of special brands, titanium oxide, a mixture of barium, zinc, etc. are most often used as a material for a dielectric barrier in ozone generators.

Today serially produced industrial ozonizers are intended mainly for water ozonation.

Literature

1. Bezzubtseva M. Electrotechnology and electrotechnological installations in the agro-industrial complex - tutorial, 2012. - SPb .: SPbGAU. - 115 p.

2. Bologa M.K. Electro-antiseptation in the food industry. Edited by Academician VANSKHIL. Chisinau 1988 - 242s.