XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

The phraseological fund is a kind of reflection of the picture of the world of native speakers, the spirit and culture of the people. Separation of combinations of words, which are reproduced in the language in the form, originally was required to separate fixed phrases from the combinations, the natural and regularly formed in the speech. F. de Saussure noted that in the language there were many expressions, which were ready-made statements which could not be changed even if they can be decomposed into meaningful parts. Such expressions existed in the language in a ready-made form and were transmitted according to tradition [1, p. 125].

To understand the term "phraseology", we consider it appropriate to reveal the content side of this concept. Phraseological units are semantically related words and sentences that "unlike syntactic structures similar to them in form, are not produced in accordance with the general laws of choice and combination of words in the organization of utterance, but are reproduced in speech in a fixed ratio of semantic structure and a certain lexical and grammatical composition" [2, p.559].

One of the richest resources of phraseological units in the language is professional speech. Terminological vocabulary easily acquires a figurative meaning due to its figurative and metaphorical use, gradually passing into the category of phraseological units with their characteristic features and properties. Phraseological units used in speech by a certain professional group often pass into the category of commonly used ones [3, p.165].

In this article, we will focus on the phraseological units of the military sphere, from which a large number of stable expressions were borrowed, which later received a new reinterpreted meaning. We will consider verbal phraseological turns - phraseological units with the meaning of an action, process. To systematize the verbal idioms of military subjects, it is advisable to describe semantic groups of words. This definition refers to a number of words or phrases that are close in their main meaning, that is, they belong to the same semantic field. As a rule, such combinations of words are characterized by a common lexical meaning and the formation of groups based on the concepts laid down in them [4, p. 118]:

1) phraseological units denoting the beginning of certain actions, the readiness to start doing things: fly to arms – quickly prepare for war, take up arms; join battle – to start a discussion or a contest; clear the decks – get ready to fight, to fight; dig up the hatchet (tomahawk) – start a war.

2) phraseological units describing the nature of the struggle. They can represent both positive actions, as well as deception, hostility: change one's battery – direct fire in the other direction, change tactics; mask one's batteries – hide your hostile intentions; turn smb's battery against himself – beat the enemy with his own weapon; fling oneself into the breach – to help out of trouble, to come to the rescue.

3) phraseological units denoting success, victory in a particular case: carry the day – to win the fight, battle, win the victory; save the day – successfully finish an unsuccessful battle, decide the outcome of the battle; show fight – be ready to fight, be belligerent, do not give up.

4) phraseological units meaning failure, collapse, defeat: lay down one's arms – to lay down arms, to surrender, to capitulate; throw down one's arms – drop your weapons, surrender; fight a losing battle – fight a fruitless fight, fight a fight that is doomed to failure in advance; leave smb. in possession of the field – to be defeated.

5) communicative phraseological units, that is, proverbs and sayings: attack is the best method of defense – the best defense is attack; come unscathed out of the battle – get away with it; a threatened blow is self-given – a blow that is often threatened is rarely dealt; every bullet has its billet – what will be, will not pass; forewarned, forearmed – those who are warned are armed.

Thus, the phraseomatics of the military sphere includes phrases that serve to denote various phenomena of military service, weapons and military equipment, activities during combat operations and exercises, and the daily life of military personnel.

REFERENCES

1. Saussure F. de. Course in General linguistics. - Yekaterinburg: Ural University Press, 1999. - 432 p.

2. Telia V. N. Phraseologism // Linguistics. A large encyclopedic dictionary. / gl. ed. V. N. Yartsev. - 2nd ed. - Moscow: Bolshaya Rossiyskaya enciklopediya, 1998 – - 685 p.

3. Dubenets E. M. Linguistic changes in the modern English language. - Moscow: Glossa-Press, 2003. - 256 p.

4. Akhmanova O. S. Dictionary of linguistic terms / ed. 2nd. - Moscow: Sovetskaya enciklopediya, 1969. - 608 p.

5. Collins Cobuild Dictionary of Idioms. - Great Britain: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997. - 493 p.