XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Introduction

In modern conditions, the development of forms and methods of state regulation of agricultural relations is largely associated with the requirements and rules of the WTO, which do not imply the abolition of state budgetary support, but suggest a change in its forms and methods. The WTO rules recommend reducing financing that has a direct impact on markets, not to solve short-term problems of single producers, but to create conditions for the development of the entire sector. In particular, we can talk about the redistribution of funds in favor of financing budget services [1;2;4], in connection with which it is necessary to implement green box measures, including the costs of management in agriculture, scientific research in the agro-industrial complex, training for the agro-industrial complex, compensation for insurance costs, land improvement, insurance funds, environmental measures, inspection and control functions, etc.

Priority directions and tasks of forming an effective agricultural policy of the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions.

Taking into account the new realities for solving the problems of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex, the problem of maintaining the existing growth in production and sales is coming to the fore, which will make it possible to replenish the working capital of rural commodity producers, stimulate the expansion of production and investment of processing industry enterprises and operators of the food market in the raw material zone. The following tasks are relevant: the implementation of measures to ensure the profitability of agricultural producers through the provision of state support to the village to create conditions for reducing production costs and, as a consequence, improving the investment climate in the agricultural sector; state support and assistance to the development of the food market infrastructure, reasonable protectionism.

Enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, due to their specifics, cannot fully and on an equal footing participate in intersectoral competition. Due to the inequality in the exchange of goods between the countryside and other sectors of the economy, the seasonality of production, weak investment attractiveness, low purchasing power of the country's population and a number of other negative factors, agriculture is still a loss-making industry. Today the Russian countryside needs purely financial support, designed to gradually compensate for the income withdrawn by related industries, increase the solvency of commodity producers, and improve the investment attractiveness of agriculture. Such support, of course, should be feasible for the budget, but also sufficient to enable the agro-industrial complex to adapt to market conditions. This requires comprehensive government regulation, including antimonopoly policy, regulation of tariffs of natural monopolies, government interventions in the food market, provision of preferential loans, development of leasing of agricultural machinery and equipment [2].

State support and assistance to the development of food market infrastructure.

The importance of state support and assistance to the development of the food market infrastructure, reasonable protectionism is due to the fact that interaction andthe stability of any technological chain is determined by the optimal decision making. This determines the need to separate the activities of the sales and promotion system as a separate object of state management and regulation, which directly affect the performance of food industry enterprises and, consequently, agriculture as their raw material zone. This approach in no way diminishes the role of producers, since the operators of the food market, providing sales, remove from them the unusual risks associated with the turnover of products [9].

The measures taken can be roughly divided into two groups. First, it is necessary to take prompt measures to influence the production sector itself, aimed at maintaining the profitability of agricultural producers, as well as measures to expand the sale of domestic products in the domestic market and provide conditions for normal competition of domestic producers in the foreign market. They should provide for the following: maintaining and increasing the volume of state budgetary support for agricultural producers; restructuring of the debt of all economic entities of the agro-industrial complex and the banks serving it, subject to their acceptance of certain obligations (reduction of production costs, growth in the volume of commercial products, etc.), including in terms of debt to a special fund of concessional lending and the federal leasing fund,as well as the implementation of measures for the rehabilitation and financial rehabilitation of insolvent agricultural producers; carrying out a related issue of credit for the futurethe harvest of agricultural products, which will make it possible to smooth out the problems of the seasonal shortage of working capital of agricultural commodity producers and direct themown funds for technical and technological re-equipment of production; regulation of food imports and exports, which is intended to ensure not an artificial increase in the competitiveness of domestic products, but a normal price competition of domestic food in comparison with imported food [4; 10].

The adoption of these measures presupposes a flexible customs and tariff policy: the introduction of seasonal duties on the import of finished food; temporary waiver of customs duties on raw materials supplied for processing, the domestic production of which is insufficient; regulation of food trade rules, including licensing of wholesale trade for basic types of products, declaring food prices, introducing a progressive scale of taxation of trade enterprises depending on the size of trade markups. This will reduce the pressure of the shadow food turnover, which forces producers to sell their products at prices that do not cover production costs. In addition, an important factor is the creation of conditions for the activation of interregional food supplies based on the use of partial state guarantees or insurance of the risks of non-payment for products transferred for processing and sale, as well as the implementation of measures to ensure the free redistribution of products within the country.

Secondly, a comprehensive solution to long-term issues is necessary to ensure the stability of production and the development of the food market infrastructure. This is due to the following conditions: the transition to the practice of targeted state support and subsidies to agricultural producers, carried out only when they fulfill certain conditions (debt restructuring, production growth and cost reduction, etc.); ensuring clear legislative regulation of the use of budgetary funds for the purchase of food for state needs, including for the provision of the military and equated consumers. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for the purchase of products, first of all, from domestic agricultural producers at guaranteed prices, and part of the funds should be used to advance the production of agricultural products, raw materials and food [1; 4; 11].

An important factor is the formation of a financial and credit mechanism for servicing agricultural producers that is adequate to market conditions, which primarily involves the creation of a state agricultural bank, the controlling stakes in which, including stakes in regional branches, must belong to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the development of rural credit cooperation, the formation of an insurance system agricultural activities.

The task of creating vertically integrated agrarian companies along the technological chain "production of raw materials - processing - sale" requires an early solution. This will ensure the implementation of a coordinated policy in the field of production, pricing and investment, the restoration of cooperative ties and the settlement of obligations between enterprises of different levels of redistribution, favorable conditions for the formation of equal economic relations between agricultural producers and processing, will stimulate the redistribution of funds to them from the III sphere of the agro-industrial complex through direct capital investments, equipment leasing, trade credit, etc.

The state program for stimulating the development of the food market infrastructure should include measures to support the activities of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to create regional wholesale markets, develop regional retail sales networks, transport services, warehouses, refrigerators, etc.

A significant step can be the creation of a publicly accessible information system on the main types of products manufactured in Russia, the capabilities of Russian enterprises to manufacture one or another product, according to the existing domestic and foreign demand, as well as forecasts of changes in demand for various types of products in domestic and foreign markets.

An analysis of the activities of the agro-industrial complex of Russia over the past period showed that its improvement is associated with the development of large and medium-sized production in combination with small private farms based on state, cooperative, joint-stock and private property.

The most important area should be cooperation in the production of agricultural products and food, production services, and sales of products. Cooperation should cover the majority of peasant (farm) households, personal subsidiary plots [3; 5].

A promising direction is the formation of large, technologically connected subjects of production and the market into integrated agro-industrial associations, agro-industrial associations, agro- combines, agro-holdings, etc. Specialized enterprises that carry out production based on industrial technologies should be supported and developed: poultry farms, greenhouse complexes, large livestock complexes, as well as the farming sector, private household plots.

The strategic task, in our opinion, is to strengthen the public sector in the agro-industrial complex, which unites experimental production and educational experimental farms, experimental industrial enterprises, breeding plants, elite seed farms, etc. Insufficient competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers in the world market does not allow them to take a worthy niche and ensure stability in the production and sale of their products.

The course towards the policy of import substitution of goods served as an impetus for the development of the national agricultural sector. However, without active financial support, even if there is a deficit in the domestic market of the country, agricultural producers will not be able to fully satisfy the demand for their products. The support should not only consist in financing federal and regional targeted programs for the development of agricultural production, but also take into account the problems of processing enterprises, service organizations, the backlog in the field of technical re-equipment, investment in the development of seed production and livestock breeding, etc.

Attention should be paid to the development of leasing operations for machinery and equipment for agriculture and processing industries. First of all, the object of investments in the agro-industrial complex should be enterprises of the food and processing industries, which does not contradict the tasks of developing agriculture itself. The development of these enterprises will lead to an aggravation of the competition between them in the market of agricultural products and raw materials and, as a result, to an increase in their investments in agriculture, will stimulate the integration of enterprises in various areas of the agro-industrial complex on the principles of economic interest. At the same time, it is necessary to form a most favored nation regime, first of all for domestic investors.

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