XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Multicultural communication is a special form of communication between two or more representatives of different cultures, during which information and cultural values of interacting cultures are exchanged. The process of multicultural communication is a specific form of activity that is not limited only to knowledge of foreign languages, but also requires knowledge of the material and spiritual culture of another people, religion, values, moral attitudes, worldviews, etc., which together determine the model of behavior of communication partners. The study of foreign languages and their use as a means of international communication today is impossible without a deep and versatile knowledge of the culture of native speakers of these languages, their mentality, national character, way of life, vision of the world, customs, traditions, etc. Only a combination of these two types of knowledge – language and culture – provides effective communication.

Multicultural communication can be carried out either at the group level or at the individual level. But at both levels, a person is the main subject of multicultural communication. At the same time, the behavior of each person is determined by the values and norms of the culture in which he is included. In this regard, each participant of multicultural communication has its own system of rules, due to its socio-cultural affiliation. Therefore, communicating directly, representatives of different cultures face the need to overcome not only linguistic differences, but also differences of a socio-cultural and ethnic nature.

The most characteristic features of multicultural communication have been identified in numerous studies. Multicultural communication requires that the sender and recipient of the message belong to different cultures. It also requires communication participants to be aware of each other's cultural differences. Also, multicultural communication is based on the process of symbolic interaction between individuals and groups. Each participant in cultural contact has its own system of rules that function in such a way that messages sent and received can be encoded and decoded. The process of interpretation, in addition to cultural differences, is influenced by the age, gender, profession, and social status of the participants in the communication.

Multicultural communication is related to the following sciences:

1) communication theory: at the intersection of these sciences, the

features of human interaction in an multicultural context are considered;

2) linguistics: the relationship between language and reality, the role of language in the communication process are studied;

3) anthropology: the role of culture in communication, non-verbal aspects of communication are studied;

4) psychology: the influence of stereotypes on the thinking and perception/self-perception of communicants, their personal characteristics.;

5) sociology: influence of social status communicants on their communication is described:

theory of communicative adaptation (H. Giles);

theory of acculturation;

theory of multicultural adaptation;

theory of identity management (U. Kupach, T. Amauri);

the theory of "face" (S. Ting-Toomey).

The founders of the multicultural communication have created three new areas of scientific research:

1) proxemics (E. Hall). It studies the spatial behavior of humans and animals. Hall identified four distant zones (intimate, personal, social and public), emphasizing that the boundaries of zones vary in different cultures and the violation of these boundaries is critical for the communication process;

2) kinesics (R. Birdwhistell). It studies communication through gestures, facial expressions, and postures ("body language"). R. Birdwhistell believed that every movement of the body has a meaning, and the system of "body language" has a grammar like that of natural language. The minimum unit of such a language is "kinema". Kinesics has become part of linguistic and anthropological theory;

3) paralinguistics (J. Trager). The direction deals with the study of how prosodic components affect the final meaning of a statement.

References:

1.Садохин А. П. Введение в теорию межкультурной коммуникации. – М.: Высш. шк., 2005.

2. Таратухина, Ю. В., Цыганова, Л. А., Ткаленко, Д. Э. Межкультурная коммуникация в информационном обществе [Текст]: учеб. пособие / Ю. В. Таратухина, Л. А. Цыганова, Д. Э. Ткаленко ; Нац. исслед. ун-т «Высшая школа экономики». – М.: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2019. – 255, [1] с. – 600 экз.

3. Birdwhistell, R. L. (1970). Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

4. Trager, George L. (1958). Paralanguage: A first approximation. Studies in Linguistics, 13, 1-12.

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