XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Computational linguistics is a branch of applied linguistics aimed at the application of computer tools (e.g., programmes, computer technologies organizing and processing data) for modeling language functionality in a given context, situation, or an area of concern. This science formed as a separate subject area in the 1960-s. [1]

The main terms of computational linguistics are «information technologies in linguistics» (a set of laws, methods and means of extraction, storage, transmission, distribution and transformation of language information and rules of its functioning), «linguistic informatics» (a discipline investigating laws and principles of organizing and processing linguistic information through the use of computer), «linguistic algorithm» (a sequence of actions utilized in the course of completion of a linguistic task) and etc. [2]

The following lines of research of computational linguistics have evolved during the development of the given science: problems of machine translation, modeling of communication, computational lexicography, modeling of plot structure and others.

Machine translation is a conversion of a text from one language into the other one that is conducted via computer. The given area has been developing since 1960-s, the countries having made the biggest contributions are the USA, Japan, Germany, France, and China. The event that facilitated its progress was the spread of the Internet in 1990-s. Specialists have testified that translation of texts is an unsolvable problem. However, a certain algorithm is used to make a translation: 1) understanding of a text in the source language (of all the lexical units, the overall content, and the author's idea); 2) interpretation of the text; 3) presentation of the text in the target language (adequate lexical, morphological, syntactical, stylistic conversion of the content). [2]

One of the current problems of computational linguistics is computational lexicography, a special area of practical lexicography. It involves two aspects: creation of digital versions of print dictionaries and compilation of new electronic dictionaries. Today electronic dictionaries are in abundance, they come in various types and sizes, they differ in form, functions and types. Therefore the choice may be quite challenging and should be made with regard to the purpose and task of activity. [1]

Modeling of communication is process ensuring communication of a human and a computer in natural language. The main term of this field of research is model. Model is an artificially created real or mental unit reproducing and imitating behavior of another unit for the linguistic purpose. According to a prominent scholar Yury D. Apresyan, only those properties of an object can be modeled that are not determined by its physical nature and are not connected with its structural organization. He claims that any model is an ideal and gross image of an object. Model ought to predict and explain object's behaviour. [2]

All in all, one can come to conclusion that computational linguistics is an important science with multiple areas of investigation.

Списокиспользуемойлитературы:

Компьютерная лингвистика [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/lingvistika/kompyuternaya-lingvistika (дата обращения: 25.12.20)

Маслова В.А. Современные направления лингвистики. Москва: Издательский центр «Академия», 2008

ABBYY Lingvo Live [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://www.lingvolive.com/ru-ru (дата обращения: 26.12.20)

Context Reverso [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/ (дата обращения: 25.11.20)

Multitran [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://www.multitran.com/ (дата обращения: 25.11.20)