XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Communication is a specific form of human interaction taking place in the process of cognition and labour. It implies an exchange of thoughts, knowledge, feelings, lines of behavior and etc. [2]

Communication in a narrow sense is regarded to as a form of human activity; and in a broad sense it presupposes an exchange of meaningful information.

This term derives from the Latin verb communico - 'make common, bind, communicate'. The given process always includes several components: communicative situation (a situation of interaction), motives (aims, making communication directed), process of message transmission, and presence of at least two participants of communication (of communicants). [2]

The structure of communicative situation comprises several elements: common factors of the communicative event (channel and types of communication and so on), characteristics of communicative event (number of communicants, their social role, intentions, speech activity) and conditions of communication (time, place, relative position of the communicants). [1]

Messages are generally utterances or texts that consist of different signs. According to the kind of signs utilized in communication, scholars single out verbal and non-verbal interaction. Verbal communication is fundamental for human due to its universality. Written and spoken varieties of language are identified as means of verbal interaction. Non-verbal communication is formed by derivative languages, for example, Morse code, programming languages, sign language. [1]

Besides, communication can be classified in accordance with the number of participants:

1) autocommunication - speech whose addressor and recipient are the same person, i.e. a person speaks to oneself at the level of inner or outer speech;

2) interpersonal communication is an interaction of people regardless of their nationality;

3) group communication implies an interaction of people within or beyond the group or between a person and a group;

4) mass communication takes place under the condition that a big number of people receive and utilize the message from various groups differing in communicative experience and interests.

Another basis of classification is a cultural background of the communicants. The stated feature enables scholars single out two types of communication: monocultural and intercultural. The monocultural communication is the one involving the members representing the same speech community and possessing common cognitive base. While the intercultural communication involves the representatives of different speech communities that have distinct national cognitive base.

Списокиспользуемойлитературы:

Маслова В.А. Современные направления лингвистики. Москва: Издательский центр «Академия», 2008

Энциклопедия Кругосвет [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/gumanitarnye_nauki/lingvistika/ (дата обращения: 28.12.20)

ABBYY Lingvo Live [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://www.lingvolive.com/ru-ru (дата обращения: 28.12.20)

Context Reverso [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/ (дата обращения: 27.12.20)

Multitran [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://www.multitran.com/ (дата обращения: 24.12.20)