XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Modern linguistics is an internally dynamic and rapidly expanding space that actively transforms the previously rigid disciplinary boundaries of the humanities and social sciences. This expansion leads to a change in methodological guidelines: aspects and content of traditional linguistic disciplines are changing, their relations with related sciences are deepening, new directions of linguistic search and new paradigms are being formed.

The term paradigm in modern science has become quite widespread and is used in different meanings. In a special, methodological sense, under the scientific paradigm, the American scientist T. Kuhn, who wrote the widely known book «The Structure of Scientific Revolutions» in 1962, meant «scientific achievements recognized by all, which for a certain time provide a model for the formulation of problems and their solutions». They, in his opinion, are «the source of methods, problem situations and solution standards» adopted by scientists at this stage of development [2]. Maslova notes that recently this term has become blurred, and now often the paradigm is called any systems and clusters of knowledge, any principles of setting and solving problems [3].

Language is almost inexhaustible in the choice of various aspects of its description, so now we are talking about a polyparadigmatic approach to language phenomena. This is a kind of integration of the results and achievements of all linguistics (since its inception, i.e. for thousands of years). At the same time, the analysis of the object is carried out simultaneously according to different paradigms of linguistic knowledge, various research methods are combined and combined. With such an integrative approach, the boundaries between the disciplines that study a person and his language are destroyed, which has a positive effect on the results of research.

With the polyparadigmatic approach, language is understood as a dynamic, historically formed sign system, which is not only a means of communication, but also of cognition.[3]

Knowledge of this system is closely related to other (non-linguistic) knowledge, and the ability to use it in speech activity is the basis of the linguistic personality, the study of the totality of which allows us to speak about the national language. As we can see, with this definition of language, it includes all previous understandings of it – from representatives of comparative historical linguistics, to structuralists, psycholinguists, cognitive scientists, etc.

The presence of different, sometimes contradictory, points of view, approaches, and concepts about language, which is noted in modern polyparadigmatic linguistics, helps to identify solutions to controversial issues related to the «polyparadigmality» of the language itself

In the situation of polyparadigmatism, the problem of interaction of intra - and interparadigmatic relations, as well as the question of the hierarchy of paradigms, inevitably arises. The latter is associated with the possibility of distinguishing «large» and «small» scientific paradigms [1].

Behind the diversity, the apparent disunity of new directions, there are common conceptual moments that mark the components of the «language – man – society» series. These paradigms, being by their nature anthropocentric, take as paradigm-forming ideas neofunctionalism, cognitivism, culturocentrism, sociocentrism, reflecting the interaction of language with a person, society (culture). It is surprising that the polyparadigmality of linguistics has caused a complex, multi-faceted linguistic image of the language, while the polyparadigmality of linguistics is a consequence of the» polyparadigmality « of the language itself and the person who is a native speaker. New linguistic hypostases of language «appeared» as a reaction to new hypostases of natural language.

This kind of scientific polyphony contributes to the approximation of linguistic knowledge to the real object-language in its functioning in the new globalized, informational, electronic, constantly changing world. In addition, the unity of the linguistic phenomenon is created by considering it from different angles in various forms of its manifestation. And the uniting element in these studies is the human race.

In addition, the modern, «polyparadigmatic» mode of vivendi language cannot be described by linguistics alone, it requires the involvement of data, approaches and methodology of psychology, cultural studies, sociology, philosophy, political science, law, mathematics and a number of other disciplines, but also the formation of its own research tools. Only the integrative nature of modern linguistic research will allow us to create such a complex, multidimensional, unique linguistic image of the language.

References:

Kubryakova, E. S. (1995). The Evolution of Linguistic Ideas in the 2nd Half of the 20th Century (an Attempt at Paradigm Analysis). In Yu. S. Stepanov (Ed.), (pp. 239–320). Moscow: RGGU.

Kuhn, T. S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 1975.

Maslova, V.A. Modern linguistic approaches. KSR. Methodical recommendation / V.A. Maslova. 2008. p. 263