XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Even V. Humbold wrote that through the prism of language one can understand the character of the people. Before investigating national character, we must understand what character is in general, what are its features and main characteristics. Since psychology has been dealing with this issue for a long time and successfully, let us turn to what it has developed in this area.

Translated from Greek, chavakter is ‘chasing’, ‘omen’. Character is a set of stable individual personality traits, which develops and manifests itself in activity and communication, conditioning the ways of behavior typical for an individual (A.V. Petrovsky).

Indeed, character - these are special signs that a person acquires while living in society. Just as the individuality of the personality is manifested in the peculiarities of the course of mental processes (good memory, rich imagination, intelligence, etc.) and in temperament, it also reveals itself in character traits. [3]

V. A. Krutetsky believes that character is revealed through the behavior and actions of a person, and at the same time adds: “If certain attitudes towards reality and the corresponding forms of behavior are not random for a given individual, but are more or less stable and constant, then it means that they became the properties of his personality.”[2]. He argues that the properties of a person, expressing her attitude to reality, always form a kind of combination that does not represent the sum of the individual characteristics of a given person, but a single whole, which is called the character of a person. Character is an attitude enshrined in habitual forms of behavior.

Modern psychologists argue that a person's personality is characterized not only by what he does, but also by how he does it. Acting on the basis of common interests and beliefs shared by all, people can reveal in their social behavior and actions unequal, sometimes opposite, individual characteristics: some - gentleness, compliance, others - rigidity, intolerance, and others - good nature and coexistence, fourth - sadness and timidity, fifth - self-confidence and decisiveness, etc.

The nature of the personality is always multifaceted. In it, features or sides can be distinguished, which, however, do not exist in isolation, but are connected together, forming a more or less integral character structure. Among the character traits, some act as the main, leading ones, setting the general direction of the development of the entire complex of its manifestations, while others exist as secondary ones, which are either determined by the main ones, or do not harmonize with them. In life, there are more whole-hearted and more contradictory characters.

Accentuation of character is an extreme version of the norm, the result of strengthening its individual features. The classification of types of character accentuation is of considerable complexity and does not coincide in the nomenclature of names for different authors [1].

The following most important types of character accentuation are distinguished:

1) an introverted type of character, which is characterized by isolation, difficulty in communicating and establishing contact with others, withdrawal into oneself;

2) the extraverted type - emotional excitement, thirst for communication and activity, often regardless of the need and value of the latter, talkativeness, inconstancy of hobbies, sometimes boastfulness, superficiality, conformity;

3) uncontrollable type - impulsiveness, conflict, intolerance to objections, sometimes suspicion;

4) neurasthenic type - prevailing ill health, irritability, increased fatigue, imaginary;

5) the sensitive type - fearfulness, isolation, shyness;

6) the demonstrative type, manifested in egocentrism, the need for constant attention to oneself, admiration and sympathy, some deceit, a tendency to forgiveness and imitation, demonstrative behavior (up to suicide feigns).

Thus, character means temperament, value orientations, intelligence, attitude to work, etc., it has a social nature, i.e. depends on the worldview of a person, his activities, the social group in which he lives, active interaction with other people. [3]

National character is a category that reflects the external, “energetic” form of the integral manifestation of mentality, stereotypes of behavior, psychological predispositions, emotional-volitional reactions and behavioral inclinations of the people. Each national character has a number of features that leave their imprint on the interpretation of the realities of the world of representatives of this nation.

From the national characters are formed "tribal" (H. Taine), which, according to N. Ya. Danilevsky, represent the cultural and historical types of families of peoples. The national character is formed throughout almost the entire history of a given nation, and its specific features are formed depending on traditions, culture, social structures, external, natural environment.

P. Griezha in his work “Ethnic characterology. Rapprochement and mutual understanding of peoples”, published in Paris in 1961, under ethnic character means a set of common properties that form the internal structure of the social grouping of people. But the term “ethnic character” should not be confused with either “national temperament” or “soul of the people”.

National character, according to K. Kasyanova, is a “society within us”, existing in the form of reactions of the same type for people of the same culture to familiar situations in the form of feelings and states. He is part of our personality. In ethnopsychology, this is a “modal personality”. The main bearer of ethnic origin in any nation is religion, folklore, mythology. K. Kasyanova writes: “The world exists and moves only by our victims, our patience, our self-restraint” [4].

Используемая литература:

Гумбольдт, В. фон. «Избранные труды по языкознанию»

Крутецкий В. А. «Основы педагогической психологии»

Маслова В.А. «Современные направления в лингвистике»

Фридман С. А. «Человек : Характер и поведение : Толковый словарь»

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