XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

The creation of computers in the middle of the 20th century and the rapid development of cybernetic ideas stimulated the emergence of new sciences. As a rule, they arose at the junction of sciences, often unrelated to each other. At the junction of computing technology and linguistics, a science was born, which changed its name several times: first it was called mathematical linguistics, then structural linguistics and computer linguistics. Finally, its modern name - computational linguistics - was firmly entrenched behind it. [2]

This is a wide area of ​​using computer programs, computer technologies for organizing and processing data in order to create functional models [4]. Computer modeling of a language can also be considered as a field of application of programming theory in linguistics.

In the 20s. of the last century, an autonomous scientific discipline, applied linguistics, appeared, engaged in the development of methods for solving practical problems related to the use of language. Applied linguistics was born after the need for a rigorous scientific solution of linguistic problems using precise formal methods was realized. General methods for solving problems in applied linguistics are developed by theoretical linguistics (the area that studies formal algorithmic procedures for language analysis), as well as mathematical linguistics. Therefore, modern applied linguistics includes many issues of mathematical (quantitative) linguistics, computational linguistics, the theory of speech influence (pragmalinguistics); R. G. Piotrovsky also distinguishes engineering linguistics [3], which has not become widespread.

The range of tasks includes: linguistic modeling, algorithmization, linguistic support of scientific and technical information systems, creation of text generation systems, creation of computer language learning systems, machine translation, development of various types of machine (automated) dictionaries, development of information transmission systems via the Internet, etc. etc. (many of them coincide with the tasks facing applied linguistics, which once again emphasizes their close relationship).

Two reasons led to the emergence of a new science. First, linguistic researchers hoped that modern exact sciences (and above all mathematics) would help linguistics to acquire the accuracy it lacks. The advent of the computer strengthened these hopes, since it was clear to many linguists from the very beginning that computers are not only "fast adding machines", but also a powerful tool for automating work with texts. Secondly, with the advent of computers, the problem of communicating with them for unprepared users almost immediately arose. Undoubtedly, familiar natural language could be the best form for such users. But to organize such interaction, one must first understand the laws and features of the use of natural language in the process of communication between people. And, as it soon became clear, traditional linguistics practically did not study these laws.

One of the leaders of the world DBMS (Database Management System) market is the Oracle Company. Oracle technologies are based on the use of a semantic dictionary of the English language - a thesaurus containing about half a million words classified according to thematic categories and synonymous series: synonyms, more general and more specific concepts, as well as related words that often have a semantic connection with it are established for each word in the text. For example, the word linguistics corresponds to the synonyms linguistics and linguistics, and the term "linguistics" itself refers to the thematic group represented by the more general concept of "philology". At the same time, linguistics acts as a thematic category for a number of more specific concepts - phonetics, vocabulary, morphology, and also has related phrases: the science of language, linguistic discipline. In general, the hierarchy of categories presented in the thesaurus has up to seven levels of nesting and includes several thousand topics in the main branches of knowledge. Clearly, the use of the thesaurus in the interMedia Text Oracle Database (interMedia Text Cartridge combines text processing with all the capabilities an Oracle user has to work with relational databases) can provide invaluable help in contextual search by expanding the query words with various types of words that are close in meaning. [2]

Currently, several areas have emerged in computational linguistics: machine translation problems, communication modeling, plot structure modeling, hypertext technologies for text presentation, computer lexicography, etc.

Machine translation is translation from one language into another that is done with the help of a computer.

Here is one of the most common translation algorithms, which consists of several stages:

1) Comprehension of the text in a foreign language. This is the understanding of the text: understanding of all its words and phrases, general content, as well as - the author's intention;

2) Interpretation of the text. This stage is associated with the fact that a linguistically accurate, literal translation from language into language is, in principle, impossible, since there is no complete identity of the meaning of many words, phrases, sentences. Therefore, we are only talking about a more or less adequate interpretation of the original text;

3) Transmission of the content of the text in another language. This stage assumes the most adequate transfer of the understood content into another language.

Использованная литература:

Баранов А.Н. «Введение в прикладную лингвистику»

Маслова В.А. «Современные направления в лингвистике»

Пиотровский Р. Г. «Математическая лингвистика»

Пиотровский Р. Г. «Статистика речи и автоматический анализ текста» изд. 1972