XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

The task of increasing the power and torque of the engine has always been relevant. Engine power directly depends on the speed of the crankshaft, the working volume of the cylinders and the amount of fresh charge entering the combustion chamber. The most effective solution to this problem is gas turbine supercharging, implemented by a free turbocharger. When supercharged, the filling of the cylinders with a fresh charge is improved, which allows you to burn more fuel in the cylinders and increase the engine performance. Gas turbine supercharging is a free turbocharger process based on the use of exhaust gas energy.

The device of the turbocharger.

The compressor Wheel is located in a special housing. It is connected to the turbine wheel, which rotates in the turbine housing, by means of a rotor shaft. The rotor shaft rotates in floating-type sliding bearings. Heat-resistant materials are used in the manufacture of the wheel and turbine housing. Through special channels located in the bearing housing, engine oil is supplied to lubricate them. For sealing, O-rings are installed on the shaft.

Principle of operation of the turbocharger.

The turbocharger is driven by the energy of exhaust gases, which, when they hit the turbine impellers, begin to rotate the turbine wheel. The compressor and turbine wheels are located on the rotor shaft, which in turn transmits rotation from the turbine wheel to the compressor wheel. Due to the discharge, the compressor wheel pumps air into the system, which further leads to its compression and entry into the engine cylinders.

The turbocharger does not have a rigid connection to the engine's crankshaft. However, the efficiency of the gas turbine boost depends on the speed of the shaft. An increase in the number of revolutions of the engine shaft leads to an increase in the strength of the exhaust gas flow, which accordingly increases the speed of rotation of the turbine wheel and the amount of fresh charge entering the cylinders

Advantages of gas turbine supercharging:

Increasing the power of the power plant without increasing the mass and size;

Improving fuel efficiency (reducing specific fuel consumption).

Disadvantages of gas turbine supercharging:

Higher mechanical and thermal loads than non-supercharged engines;

The slow response to the sharp increase in fuel flow (turbojam).

Sources:

1. Gas Turbine boost URL: http://ga-avto.ru/dvigateli/53.html

2. Device and principle of operation of the turbocharger URL: https://24techno-guide.ru/ustroistvo-i-princip-raboti-turbokompressora.