XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

SUMMARY

The article deals with the name of a well-known person, namely Karl Faberge a court jeweler of the Russian Emperor. Faberge was fortunate to study in the best art and industrial schools in St. Petersburg and abroad. Travelling through the cities of Europe made a great impression on the boy. At the age of 24 the young man took the helm of his father’s company. On May 1, 1885 the Emperor granted Charles Faberge the title of court supplier. The most famous works of the jeweler were Easter eggs.

Key words: jeweler, jewelry, workshop, prominent master of gold and silver, to be glorified.

There are some names that are well-known and have become iconic. Faberge's name is a symbol that means an original design and an unusual idea: it was not for nothing that he was a court jeweler of the Russian Emperor.

Peter Karl Faberge was born in Saint Petersburg on May 30, 1846. He was a Russian citizen all his life, although his father came from a German family, his mother was Scandinavian, and his more distant ancestors lived in France. Karl's grandfather Peter was a carpenter and skillfully made furniture, carved frames for mirrors and paintings.

Carl's father Gustav Faberge in the 40s of the 19th century went to St. Petersburg to study jewelry. There he opened his own workshop in the basement on Bolshaya Morskaya street. In his father's workshop, little Karl would disappear for hours. He watched in fascination as the stones and pieces of metal turned into exquisite ornaments. Masters willingly shared with the boy the secrets of the craft.

Faberge was fortunate to study in one of the best German gymnasiums of St. Petersburg –. Annenschule. Unlike other schools in the Empire, students were not subjected to corporal punishment in this gymnasium.

When Karl was 14 years old, the family moved to Dresden.

Traveling through the cities of Europe made a great impression on the boy.

In Dresden, Karl studied at the art and industrial school. Then, at his father's insistence, he attended classes at the Commercial College of the best Frankfurt jeweler, Josef Friedman.

After returning to St. Petersburg, Karl began working for a prominent master of gold and silver Affairs of the Russian Empire, Hiskias Pendin.

Even then, Karl decided that every talented master would be glorified in his company. After all, he had long ago realized that it was unfair that many great artists did not achieve recognition during their lifetime.

At the age of 24, the young man took the helm of his father's company. The company began to grow, there were about a hundred specialists in the staff: stone carvers, artists, cutters. Work in the workshops of Carl Faberge was in full swing-jewelers mastered new materials and technologies, experimented, invented new tools, and the head of the company continued to study. He spent a lot of time in the workshops of the Hermitage, where he worked for free as a restorer, and at the same time gained experience from the masters of the old school. The Hermitage and the Armory became a source of valuable ideas for the Faberge company.

In 1882, at the all-Russian art and industrial exhibition in Moscow, Alexander III became interested in the company's products. Hundreds of artists fought for the attention of the Emperor, so it was a great success to earn the patronage of the Royal court!

On May 1, 1885, the Emperor granted Charles Faberge the title of court supplier.

The Royal family had a new tradition: one egg was made every year at Easter. Continuing the tradition of his father, Nicholas II asked to make two copies - for his family and for the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, his mother. There were no similar eggs, each one a reminder of some significant event for the Empire.

Faberge's product range was huge. Cigarette cases, silverware, sets, watches, snuff boxes, jewelry boxes, Souvenirs. All items were very expensive.

However, the most famous works of the jeweler were Easter eggs. How many of them are left today, no one will say. In total, 71 copies are known to have been created, of which 52 are Imperial. The demand for Faberge Easter eggs has not weakened so far. At the world's largest auctions, the cost of them can range from 8 to 24 million dollars.

Carl Faberge has made sure that all his works are not just jewelry, but real works of art. The genius of jewelry business managed to create an Empire that still has no equal.

Literature

Solomatina N.A. “What Faberge invented”-M.: Art Volhonka, 2018.-104c.: illustr.

Masterpieces of Faberge from the fund “Connection of times” . Text: Muntyan T.N. M.: Art Unit, 2014-230c.:illustr.

Kuznetsova L.K. Petersburg jewelers XIX-beginning of the XX century. Dynasties of famous artists of Empire Russia M. Poligraphcentre- 2017.-591c

Faberge from the Russian museums Album. Text: Myntyan T.N. 2018.