XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Abstract:This article describes the use of natural resources and their benefits to humans, as well as harm to the environment. With the development of technology in the future, humans will use electricity as their main renewable energy source.

Keywords: resources, oil, alternative fuels, electricity, ecology.

The relevance of the topic is represented by the fact that natural resources serve as a set of objects and systems of animate and inanimate nature that surround a person and are used by him during the production process in order to satisfy material and cultural needs.

There are resources of natural components, for example, mineral, climatic, water, plant, soil, land, fauna, as well as resources of natural-territorial complexes: mining, water management, residential, forestry. All these resources make it possible for a person and society to receive everything necessary in order to satisfy their spiritual needs and realize production, but the supply of food can become a major problem, since the size of suitable land is limited. Thus, human needs are constantly growing, and natural resources, which may not be renewable, are significantly reduced. Thus, it is possible to identify the problem of balance between the amount of resources and the volume of their use.

In order to preserve natural resources, it is necessary to be smart about the implementation of their use, but today the economic sphere is actively developing, which implies the continuity of the production process, where there is a need for the introduction and use of natural objects.

There is a shortage of some raw materials. Consequently, there is a certain concept of resource availability, which implies the ratio between the amount of resources used and the volume of their use, which must be kept in balance, since today there is a problem of exhaustible resources, for example, oil, gas, coal, etc. , but oil is a national wealth, the foundation of the country's economy, the source of its power, since 60% is coal, 12% is oil, 15% is natural shale, and the smallest percentage is oil shale and peat.

The reserves of hard and brown coal exceed 5 trillion tons, and the reliable ones are about 1.8 trillion tons. The importance of oil and coal for the country is as follows:

- oil and coal are raw materials for petrochemical production, including the production of synthetic rubber, polyethylene, alcohols, polypropylene, a huge amount of various types of plastics and finished products from them, as well as artificial fabrics;

- oil is a source of motor fuel production: kerosene, gasoline, jet and diesel fuel, lubricants and oils, fuel oil (boiler and furnace fuel), building material such as tar, asphalt, bitumen;

- coal is a raw material for some protein preparations, which are used as additives in livestock feed to stimulate its growth.

Coal resources have been explored in almost 100 countries of the world. Countries such as Europe and Asia, North America, Africa and Australia, India and Botswana, and South America are well resourced. It is used as household, energy fuel, raw material for the metallurgical and chemical industries.

More than half of the proven reserves are rich in oil resources, namely, off the coast of Alaska, in the Gulf of Mexico, the Maracaibo depression, in the British and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea, in the Barents, Bering and Caspian Seas, in the Gulf of Guinea, in the Persian Gulf, off the islands of the South -East Asia. Countries with oil reserves: Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Iran, Qatar, Bahrain, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Algeria, Libya, Nigeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Brunei. It is used as a motor fuel, as well as in road construction and waterproofing, rubber industry, chemical industry. Oil price is $ 38 per barrel.

Oil and coal production implies a set of geophysical works, drilling, construction and workover of wells, oil production and refining, transportation of energy resources, construction of trunk pipelines, and rendering of services. For example, a significant part of Russian oil and coal is supplied from Western Siberia and the Ural-Volga region in the central and western parts of Russia, and the extraction of crude oil in 2019 is equal to coal - 440 million tons.

In order to preserve fuel and energy resources, it is necessary to use them rationally, thanks to the following measures:

- declaring forests as a common national treasure;

- control over reserves and quotas for coal and oil production by UNEP organizations;

- regulation of prices for oil and coal;

-Modernization of a new type of power plants (electric vehicles, radio photocells, generators, hydrogen energy);

-financing of environmental programs;

- reproduction of arable land and forests;

- introduce substitutes for oil and coal for energy sources.

Today, fuel and energy resources are one of the most important elements of the economy of many countries. It is he who provides both the current vital activity and development of states, and a considerable part of the revenues to the budgets of countries. The growth and increase in the national wealth of countries with oil and coal reserves suggest that the efficient and rational development of the oil industry is a very powerful factor in financial well-being and economic growth. At the same time, one can notice a decrease in coal and oil reserves.

Through the development, production, processing, transportation, sales of oil and coal, it presupposes mechanisms of market self-regulation, which are "built" into the oil production sphere. Today, in the transitional economy, in particular, in the Russian one, the ratio of supply and demand is unbalanced. Supply and demand are in constant fluctuations from the volume of oil production, prices depending on external and internal factors.

Problems of an innovative nature are associated with insufficient funding for scientific and technical centers and laboratories, as well as research and development work and scientific and technical centers. Insufficient number of centers that would be engaged in active development in the replacement of oil and gas.

Thus, it is necessary to create reserves and develop mineral reserves in the areas of hydrocarbon production, as well as the use of new effective technologies for replacing oil and coal, reducing the level of oil and coal production that can provide the maximum and sustainable economic effect, as well as financing and investing in environmental and innovative programs, R&D in the development of new methods for the introduction of energy sources and the safety of old and new deposits of natural resources.

It is also necessary to look for alternative fuels and energy resources, renewable energy sources.

Electricity can be attributed to alternative and renewable energy sources, because in 2020 more and more manufacturers, especially automakers, are switching to electricity as the main type of fuel. Thanks to modern advances in the study of renewable energy sources, manufacturers are striving to reduce the energy consumption of their products, production and improve their energy efficiency.

The advantages of electricity as a fuel include high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness and low energy costs, almost complete inexhaustibility.

By cons: complex and expensive equipment for the production of such energy carriers (for example, batteries, electric motors), and, accordingly, the price of products that use electricity as fuel. Also, such energy sources are best used in close proximity to the consumer, because the cost of transmitting power over a distance can be economically disadvantageous.

Presumably, by 2100, people will use renewable energy sources as their main source, replacing non-renewable ones.

For the production of electricity, no less environmentally friendly equipment will be used, such as solar panels, wind farms and hydroelectric power plants.

Thus, using renewable energy sources it is possible to delay, but not prevent, the inevitable depletion of minerals, combustible fuels and energy resources, thereby not destroying the world market economy.

SOURCES

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Alekseenko, V. A. Geochemical methods of searching for mineral deposits. Textbook / V. A. Alekseenko. - Moscow: Mir, 2015. - 360 p.

Kamensky, G. N. Hydrogeology of mineral deposits / G. N. Kamensky, P. p. Klimentov, a.m. Ovchinnikov. - M.: State publishing house of geological literature, 2017. - 356 p.

Malyshev, I. I. Geology of the USSR. Volume VI. Bryansk, Oryol, Kursk, Voronezh, and Tambov regions. Part 2. Mineral resources and review of geophysical research / I. I. Malyshev. - Moscow: RSUH, 2017. - 358 p.

Starostin Geology of minerals: Textbook / Starostin, V. I. I.-M.: Mir Foundation, 2017. - 512 p.

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