XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Аннотация: В статье рассматривается традиционная кухня Великобритании и ее особенности. Упоминаются традиции и обычаи в употреблении пищи, а также исконно британские блюда. Рассматриваются изменения в рационе англичан в наши дни.

Abstract: The article discusses traditional UK cuisine and its features. Traditions and customs in the use of food are mentioned, as well as original British dishes. Changes in the diet of the British these days are considered.

Ключевые слова: кухня, традиции, Великобритания, блюдо, завтрак, обед, ужин, прием пищи.

Keywords: cuisine, traditions, Great Britain, dish, breakfast, lunch, dinner, meal.

Traditional British cuisine is usually described as plain, conservative and unvaried. Classic British dishes are not too dainty, but they are nourishing, natural and tasty, much attention here is paid to the food quality. Residents of Great Britain prefer local food to imported products, so, nearly all fish, milk and meat products are produced within the country, and vegetables are grown by local farmers.

    Meals during a day in Britain traditionally include breakfast, lunch, dinner and supper. Both lunch and supper sometimes can be replaced by dinner, which is the main meal of the day and can take place either in the afternoon, or in the evening. “Tea” is usually a separate ceremony, which has traditionally been held at 5 p.m. Nowadays this tradition is not strictly observed, so, tea can be had at any time of the day, sometimes even late at night. [1]

Since ancient times, English food has been influenced by foreign invaders. First came the Vikings, followed by the Romans, and even the French made their mark. All of them brought their own influence to the English table, a melting pot of ingredients and foods. [2]

The impact of the Franco-Normans is clearly reflected in the common use of their spices: saffron, mace, nutmeg, pepper, ginger, and sugar. Medieval English cookery abounds with recipes containing these exotic contributions, and these ingredients are still found in traditional recipes. [2]

The British Empire’s colony in East Asia brought tea to England, and in return, the English took it to India, another one of their colonial outposts. From the English relationship with India came the obsession with curry, spicy sauces, and condiments which now are such an intrinsic part of English cuisine. Immense damage was inflicted on English cookery throughout two world wars; the war effort used up all available goods and services, leaving little for private consumption. [2]

During the Second World War, food rationing of the most essential ingredients - meat, sugar, butter, and eggs - continued until early into the 1950s. It is from these years that England gained a reputation for poor cooking and became a gastronomic joke worldwide. [2]

Today well-known traditional British dishes include full breakfast, fish and chips, the Christmas dinner, the Sunday roast, steak and kidney pie, shepherd's pie, and bangers and mash. People in Britain, however, eat a wide variety of foods based on the cuisines of Europe, India, and other parts of the world. British cuisine has many regional varieties within the broader categories of English, Scottish and Welsh cuisine and Northern Irish cuisine. Each has developed its own regional or local dishes, many of which are geographically indicated foods such as Cornish pasties, the Yorkshire pudding, Cumberland Sausage, Arbroath Smokie, and Welsh cakes. [3]

Classic British breakfast is rather substantial, and it includes not only porridge. Of course, cereals play an important role in the national menu, so they are often cooked for breakfast. But apart from them, in the morning the British often cook omelets and scrambled eggs with cheese, bacon or sausages, toasts, pastries, orange juice, black or white coffee. Sometimes eggs are served with kidney bean, mushrooms and tomatoes. [1]

As for lunch, it usually includes light refreshments, such as sandwiches, chips and fish, fruit or chocolate bars. As a rule, lunchtime is 12 a.m. It is worth mentioning that sandwiches with different fillings are a traditional British snack. The most popular fillings are cheese, bacon, chicken, cucumber, tuna and others. [1]

Dinner is always the most substantial meal during the day. For dinner the British often have soup and the main course, such as meat, poultry or fish with vegetables or mashed potatoes. It is followed with a dessert, for example an apple pie. [1]

Some dishes of British cuisine deserve special mention. This is, for instance, the famous shepherd’s pie – a potato casserole with minced beef. Cornish pasty is also considered a typical English food. It is a layered pie with meat, onion, potatoes, carrots and spices. Finally, one more well-known British (or Scottish, to be more exact), dish is Scotch eggs, which are also called picnic eggs. They are common boiled eggs that are wrapped in minced sausages and breading, and then fried or baked. [1]

English food at its best is hearty, simple, delicious fare, developed to saturate an empire that influenced the rest of the world. English cooking is steeped in history, yet the modern face of British food presents a dynamic and thriving cuisine now followed intensely by foodies around the globe. [2]

Список используемой литературы:

1. Topic: Traditional British Cuisine [Электронный ресурс], – 

http://tooday.ru/?l=eng&r=13&t=traditional_british_cuisine-traditsionnaya_britanskaya_kuhnya-bb

2.The Food and Cooking of England [Электронныйресурс], – https://www.thespruceeats.com/food-and-cooking-of-england-435476

3. British cuisine [Электронный ресурс], – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_cuisine