XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

Аннотация: В статье рассказывается о том, как в настоящий момент сохраняется память о Великой Отечественной войне. Проходит все больше и времени, и делать это всё сложнее. Именно поэтому выпускаются новые фильмы об этом великом событии, пишутся книги, сооружаются памятники, а картины хранятся в государственных галереях по всей стране. В статье рассказывается о важности сохранения памяти для последующих поколений.

Abstract: The article tells about the commemoration of the Great Patriotic War, which is currently being preserved. More and more time has been passing and it becomes harder to do it. That is why new films are shot about this great event, books are written, monuments are built, and paintings are stored in state galleries throughout the country. The article tells about the importance of preserving the memory for future generations.

Ключевые слова: Великая Отечественная война, память, Бессмертный полк, памятник, героизм, патриотизм, герой.

Keywords: Great Patriotic War, memory, Immortal Regiment, monument, heroism, patriotism, hero.

The commemoration of the Great Patriotic War is an integral part of the collective memory of the Russian society. It was a very significant period in the history of Russia. On the one hand, this event determined the future of our state, on the other, it left an indelible tragic mark in the life of every family. Human losses amounted to 2 596 676 people during the war. That is why the problem of preserving the commemoration of the Great Patriotic War has acquired special significance at the present time.

One of the options for maintaining the memory of the heroes of the patriotic war is the action of the Immortal Regiment. " The Immortal Regiment" is a public action, which is held in Russia and several countries abroad to perpetuate the memory of participants and victims of the Second World War.

On Victory Day, May 9 a giant procession takes over central Moscow. Its participants hold aloft placards, with faded, black and white photographs of men and women, many of them in uniform, most of them sombre, unsmiling. Crowds fill Moscow's eight-lane central avenue, Tverskaya Street, for a full 3 1/2 kilometers. On the same day, in hundreds of other cities, millions of people march with their own relatives’ photographs.

They are Russia's "immortal regiments," an annual homage to the generation that lost more than 20 million people in the fight against the Nazis. The portraits people hold are of relatives who had lived and died during World War II. [5]

Back in the early 2000s, many Russians marked Victory Day by walking onto the streets holding pictures of their relatives, but it took a social movement to unite these sporadic gestures into something on a wider scale. A group of journalists in the Siberian city of Tomsk did just that; the nation-wide event henceforth known as the “Immortal Regiment” was first held across several Russian cities on May 9, 2012. It proved wildly successful. By 2015 the coordination centre for the event had been moved from Tomsk to Moscow, while the initiative was picked up by PR managers with government funding and full media support. [2]

In 2013, the campaign was repeated by 15 cities, including Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 2014, it was held in more than 500 cities of Russia, as well as in Israel and Belarus. The total number of participants reached 500 thousand.

It is worth noting that in the following years the action gained a larger scale and by 2018 the Immortal Regiment had already attracted 10.4 million people in Russia and 80 countries of the world.

In Russia, much attention is paid to the monuments dedicated to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. One of the most famous monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War is "The Motherland Calls" in Volgograd. It is the compositional centre of the monument-ensemble "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd, Russia. It was designed by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and structural engineer Nikolai Nikitin, and declared the tallest statue in the world in 1967. This 85 m high statue is the tallest in Europe and it is the tallest statue of a woman in the world. [4]

There are also important monuments in Russia such as: the memorial complex in Dubosekovo, dedicated to the feat of 28 soldiers from the division of Major General Ivan Panfilov. It consists of six 10-meter sculptures: a political officer, two fighters with grenades and three more soldiers. One of the highest Russian monuments, the 35-meter Murmansk Alyosha, was built in Murmansk in memory of the unknown warriors who gave their lives for the Soviet Arctic.

The project of the monument “To the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad” was developed by sculptors and architects who participated in the defence of the city — Valentin Kamensky, Sergey Speransky and Mikhail Anikushin. Its construction began in the spring of 1974 and was completed a year later – the unveiling of the monument took place on May 9, 1975, on the day of the celebration of the thirtieth anniversary of the victory over the enemy. The second phase of the complex – the Memorial Hall – was opened on February 23, 1978.[1]

The memory of the exploits and heroism of the Soviet people during the years of the Great Patriotic war is displayed in works of art: films, paintings, and literature.

It’s not a bad idea to begin with the fact that the theme of heroism and patriotism of the Russian people during the Great Patriotic War often inspires filmmakers and scriptwriters to create works dedicated to these events. There are some examples of films: “The Dawns Are Quiet Here” by Stanislav Rostotsky, “Only Old Men Are Going into Battle” by Leonid Bykov, “The Cranes Are Flying” by Mikhail Kalatozov, “The Fate of a Man” by Sergei Bondarchuk.

The theme of the Great Patriotic war is an integral part of many literary works. It is not surprising since the war has left an indelible mark on Russian history and has been reflected in the works of Russian writers. For example, Mikhail Sholokhov, in his work “The Fate of a Man”, tells about the difficult fate of the military Andrei Sokolov, who lost his family during the war, but despite it he remained human and took custody of the boy Vanyusha and helped him survive the hardships of the war.

The plot of the story is based on real events. In the spring of 1946, during hunting Sholokhov met a man who told him this story. Sholokhov was stricken and said: "I'll write a short story about this, I surely will." Ten years later, after reading some short stories by Hemingway and Remarque, Sholokhov wrote "The Fate of a Man" in seven days. [3]

Many artists were inspired by the exploits of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. Pyotr Maltsev painted “The Assault of the Sapun Mountains on May 7, 1944”, Fedor Usypenko – “Enemy has been stopped” and “The Night Fight”, Pyotr Krivonogov devoted a number of paintings to the military subjects: “Surrender”, “On the Kursk Bulge”, “In the area of ​​the Korsun-Shevchenko Operation” and so on.

To sum it up, the war was a very terrible event that claimed millions of lives and led to cruel consequences. Despite this fact, thanks to the exploits and heroism of the people who took part in the war, we still have the opportunity to live in normal conditions. It is very important to remember these heroes and maintain the memory of their feat.

Списокиспользуемойлитературы:

Gusarov A.Yu. The monuments of military glory Petersburg. St. Petersburg: Paritet, 2010.

Nemtsev M. How Russia’s Immortal Regiment Was Brought To Life. URL: https://www.ridl.io/en/how-russia-s-immortal-regiment-was-brought-to-life/

Sholokhov M. A. Collected Works: In 8 vols. - Moscow, 1956-1960.

Morris H. Sobering memorials and Europe's tallest statue: What England fans can expect in Volgograd. The Telegraph, 2018. URL: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/russia/articles/volgograd-guide-what-can-england-fans-expect/

Hobson P. How Russian Authorities Hijacked a WWII Remembrance Movement. The Moscow Times, 6/V/2016.