Introduction:
A Cybercrime is a form of socially dangerous acts committed using information technology. A cybercrime is the fastest growing crime in the world and millions of people are affected every day. The effects of one successful attack on a corporation can have far-reaching implications, ranging from financial losses at the corporate level, to stock losses and money lost for consumer. According to the Congressional Research Service, several computer security consulting firms estimate global financial losses from viruses, worm attacks and others hostile computer-based attacks to be between $13 and $226 billion. According to crime-research.org, as early 2003 the Unites States was already leading the world in percentage of cyberattacks at 34,4 percent followed by South Korea at 12,8 percent.[1] Crimes on the internet are difficult to solve and can be committed in the territory of several states. Types of crimes in the field of information technology include:
*Spread of viruses and malware.
*Cracking passwords (or hacking passwords )
*Theft of bank card numbers.
*Distribution of prohibited materials
*Advertising of illegal drugs and etc.
Examples of cybercrime:
1. Attacks using malware software. A malware attack is the infecting of a computer system. A computer infected with malware can be used by cyber criminals for various nefarious purposes. They include stealing sensitive data, using computers to commit other criminal acts or damaging data.
2. Phishing. A phishing campaign is a mass mailing of spam messages. Phishing emails may contain infected attachments or links to malicious sites. [2]
Legislation on computer crimes in Russia
Responsibility for committing crimes on the Internet is provided in chapter 28 of the Criminal Codex of the Russian Federation, which is called “Crimes in the field of computer information”. The chapter consists of four articles:
1. The article 272 provides grounds for liability for illegal access to computer information.
2. The article 273 provides criminal liability for the creation and distribution of malicious programs.
3. The article 274 provides punishment for violation of the rules for the operation of storage facilities.
4. The article 274.1 provides grounds for liability for illegal impact on the critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation [3]
Depending on the act, fines range from one hundred thousand rubles up to one million rubles or imprisonment from one to seven years.
Legislation on computer crimes in USA
Law 1030 USE is the major law concerning computer crime. Other widely used laws are the followings:
1. Computer fraud and abuse (law 1039)
2. Credit Card fraud (law 1029)
3. Copyright (law 2319)
4. Wiretapping (law 2511)
Minimum fines start from 5000 dollars, depending on the severity of the crime. The most severe punishment for computer espionage is imprisonment up to 20 years. And the punishment for hacking into the computer network of American governmental infrastructure is imprisonment up to 30 years.
If we compare the legislature between Russia and USA one can only conclude that the legislature form the USA are broader and harsher.
Source links:
[1] English for IT, БорисоваА.Ю, КойковаТ.И.
[2] https://yandex.ru/turbo/kaspersky.ru/s/resource-cente..
[3] https://szsut.sledcom.ru/Kiberprestupnost/item/1159549
[4] https://yandex.ru/turbo/cyberpedia.su/s/13x70ed.html
Computer Crime Research Center - Daily news..
www.crime-research.org
Уголовная ответственность в США за компьютерные преступления
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