XIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2021

УМНЫЙ ДОМ

Самсонов Н.В.

Научный руководитель: Стракатова О.Н., Владимирский государственный университет имени Александра Григорьевича и Николая Григорьевича Столетовых Владимир, Россия

SMART HOUSE

Samsonov N.V.

Scientific advisor: Strakatova O.N., Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigoryevich and Nikolay Grigoryevich Stoletovs Vladimir, Russia

Smart House is a modern residential building, organized for the convenience of people living with the help of high-tech devices. Electronic home appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug'n'Play -a network with the ability to access the public network.

The term “smart home” was coined by the Intelligent Building Institute in Washington DC in the 1970s: “A building that enables productive and efficient use of the workspace ...”

It is worth separating the concepts of "smart home" and "life support systems". Individual systems have only the required control and monitoring interfaces. The concept of the"Intelligent Building Management Systems" assumes a new approach to organizing the life support of a building, in which, due to the complex of software and hardware, the efficiency of functioning and reliability of control of all operation systems and actuators of the building increases significantly.

The main feature of an intelligent building is integration of individual subsystems from different manufacturers into a single managed complex.

An "intelligent building" should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in the building and respond to them appropriately: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to the predetermined algorithms. The English word intelligent, literally meaning "intelligent", "comprehensive", in combination with the word "building" is used to mean "flexible, adaptable."

“Smart home” in the original sense means “a building that is ready for change” or “an adaptable (flexible) building”, the engineering systems of which are able to ensure adaptation to possible changes in the future.

The building is designed in such a way that all its control systems can be integrated with each other at minimal cost and their maintenance would be organized in an optimal way. The project necessarily assumes the ability to increase and modify the configurations of the installed systems.

Over time, buildings will acquire "artificial intelligence". Then, with good reason, it will be possible to call them intellectual. The systems will be able to monitor the operation and condition of the entire "filling" of the building, including the building envelope and independently make decisions under changing circumstances.

The term "smart home" is usually understood as the integration into a unified building management system of the following systems:

- Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system

- Security and fire alarm system, access control system to premises, control of water leaks, gas leaks

- CCTV system

- Communication networks (including telephone and local area network of the building)

- Lighting system

- Building power supply system (ATS, industrial UPS, diesel generators)

- Building mechanization (opening / closing gates, barriers, electric heating of steps, etc.)

- One-place control of audio and video equipment, home theater, multiroom

- Telemetry - remote monitoring of systems

- IP-monitoring of the object - remote control of systems over the network

- GSM monitoring - remote reporting of incidents in a house (apartment, office, facility) and control of home systems via a telephone (in some systems, you can receive voice instructions on the planned control operations, as well as voice reports on the results of the operations).

Today, technologies allow building home automation component-wise - choosing only those smart home functions that are really needed. The modular structure allows the creation of low cost systems with 100% use guarantee.

One of the oldest and most controversial projects is Bill Gates' cottage. This project, like a lot of science fiction literature, has created a huge number of myths about the "smart home".

In 1995, the developers of Java technologies predicted one of the main purposes for this technology- increase of the household appliances intelligence - for example, the refrigerator would order products from the store itself. This idea has not received industrial distribution but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already producing household appliances with the ability to be included in a smart home. But these solutions are based on QNX, not Java.

But the function to turn off all the light with one button, as well as the ability to turn it on and off in the remote mode is actively implemented today in almost all home automation projects.

Smart home as home automation is developing not only in Russia. All technologies and systems that are used in Russia are designed and manufactured in Europe, the USA and China. The main difference is seen rather in the purpose and in the approach of the installers.

In Europe, automation projects for private houses and apartments are prepared by the developer and the manufacturer of systems himself, while the installer is assigned the role of the actually ordinary but qualified installers, working strictly according to the scheme.

In Russia, the installer is the most important figure in creating a smart home. As a rule, he works with many manufacturers of automation systems, this allows him to select the system as optimal as possible to solve the tasks set for automation. After that, he himself is engaged in the design, installation, sale and launch of the built smart home.

Technologies

LanDrive is the most affordable platform for building distributed bus systems for controlling indoor and outdoor lighting, power loads, electrical appliances, as well as systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, burglar alarms, access control and water leaks. It is also possible to control audio and video equipment, home theaters, blinds, roller shutters, curtains, gates, pumps, motors. It is mainly focused on the use as part of a "smart home" but recently it has been increasingly used in metering and energy conservation systems, access control, security and fire systems.

LCN is a German automation system for both home and industrial automation. It is a fully distributed intelligence. As a transmission medium, a conventional electrical wire with a cross section of 1.5 or 2.5 mm2 is used. Control of almost any equipment is realized. It has optimal price / performance ratio.

iRidium Mobile is a software package for controlling smart home systems from such mobile devices as iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and any devices running Windows XP / 7, Windows mobile / Ce.

BPT is a distributed intelligence home automation system using a closed data transfer protocol. The bus is a standard UTP twisted pair. Lighting, home automation, air conditioning, heating, engineering and security alarms, intercom control are implemented. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with all types of wiring accessories.

MyHome SCS is integrates by systems from various manufacturers via OpenWebNet gateway.

UBI (Universal Bus Interface). This interface provides combined transmission over twisted pair (UTP, FTP) of smart home control signals, Ethernet signals (computer network, digital video surveillance, digital television and telephony, Internet). Its idea and roots go back to the concept of open systems interaction based on the international multilayer ISO OSI model. In the future, all buildings will become intelligent and will be interconnected. According to most experts [unspecified 418 days], OSI's open systems interoperability model is ideal for combining solutions and technologies from various manufacturers of electronic equipment, be it the electronics of a washing machine, home theater, building ventilation system or a car. Already, many manufacturers (for example, Legrand) of equipment for engineering networks of intelligent buildings are making considerable efforts to unify cable systems for different technologies and different purposes. The concept of “Optimal Networks” has been introduced. In a properly designed smart building, structured cabling and building automation equipment are independent of each other.

The end user does not need to worry about a TV or telephone socket in a particular place. Cable systems are universal and unified. That is, you can come up with a purpose for the outlet later. Also, then you can choose the final implementation of the automation system (be it EIB, C-BUS, X-10 or something else). Technologies for dynamic controlled "switching" of the connection endpoints destination (for example, sockets) exist and are gaining popularity. In a split second, a telephone socket turns into a television socket. The user only needs to plug the connecting cables into other terminal equipment (change the telephone patch cord to a television one).

C-Bus (protocol) is a protocol for home automation, as well as automation of buildings, sports facilities, etc. [source not specified 324 days] C-Bus is a distributed intelligence system (no central processing unit) using 5- category (Cat.5), the length of which in one segment can be 1000 m. There are up to 255 such segments in one system. The network uses 36 V AC. The C-Bus protocol is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, USA, South Africa, UK, and other parts of Europe, including Greece, the Baltic States, Romania and other countries. In the US, C-Bus is marketed under the SquareD Clipsal brand. The C-Bus protocol was created by Clipsal Integrated Systems for use in home automation and building lighting control systems.

Helvar - uses DALI and DSI protocol for lighting control systems.

AMX - home automation system of the company of the same name. [Source not specified 324 days] Centralized. Protocols are closed. Initially, their own data transmission buses were used. The new AMX equipment lines use standard Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Zigbee protocols for transmission. Has gateways for interfacing with other systems (EIB, LON, etc.).

Crestron is a protocol for controlling automation systems and multimedia systems. It was developed by Crestron (USA). The protocol is closed. The main competitor is AMX (USA).

X10 - electrical appliance control protocol. The signal is transmitted via electrical wires or in the radio range. Disadvantages - low speed of information transmission and noise immunity, the problem of false triggering, lack of feedback between the receiver and the transmitter, conflicts of X10 devices from different manufacturers and unauthorized access to X10 devices via the mains are possible.

Z-wave is a patented wireless communication protocol developed for home automation, in particular for monitoring and control in residential and commercial buildings. The technology uses low power and miniaturized RF modules that are embedded in consumer electronics and various devices such as lighting, heating, access control, entertainment systems, and home appliances.

LUXOR is a local lighting and climate control system. A common electrical cable and switches are used. The system is manufactured by Theben AG. The protocol is closed. The main reasons for choosing this system are low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with all types of wiring accessories.

Smart Bus is a bus developed in Canada. This smart home system is an ideal combination of price-quality ratio.

ONE-NET is an open wireless network protocol designed for building automation and distributed facility management.

R-BUS is a bus developed jointly by Russian and Chinese enterprises with an open data transfer protocol, intended for the automation of large and small structures.

DOMINTELL is a centralized home, office and hotel automation system. Uses RS485 interface for data exchange between modules. Ethernet TCP, UDP, RS232, B&O, DMX gateways (light control) are available. Open control command system "Light Protocol". It was developed in 1999 in Belgium.

There are two different principles for building such systems: centralized (for example, IHC from Lexel) and decentralized based on the installation bus (EIB, LonWork, Crastron, etc.)

Smart home functions include:

Light control

Light control allows the user to create light scenarios from an unlimited number of light sources with different brightness, turn them on simultaneously or with a delay, simulating, for example, the effect of "running lights".

Using special light dimmers, you can not only change the brightness to which the lamp lights up when turned on, but also the time during which this brightness will be achieved.

The constant illumination control function is intended mainly for office premises and makes it possible to maintain a user-defined illumination of the working surface, regardless of whether the sun is shining or the sky is covered with clouds.

Automatic switching on of outdoor announcements, depending on the time of day and the presence of people, will not only provide additional comfort, but also scare away uninvited guests.

Microclimate control

The system constantly measures the temperature individually in each room and maintains it at the level set by you, directly controlling the radiator valves or air conditioning dampers, and, if necessary, automatically turns on or off the ventilation.

Every day the EIB helps you save money thanks to the various operating modes of the system: comfort mode, night mode and no-one-at-home mode. The change of modes occurs according to the schedule or by the user's command. It is enough just once to set the temperature on the touch panel display in the room for each mode.

The heating / air conditioning system will turn off automatically to save energy if the room windows are opened for ventilation (a signal will be sent by the frame contact).

Jalousie

In summer, their lamellas automatically rotate at a certain angle and prevent excess sunlight from entering the room, without reducing the luminous flux. Thus, they prevent the room from heating up and help to save energy consumed by the air conditioner.

Security

The smart home keeps a record of all the events that took place in it during your absence: who came and when, how long was in the house, what suspicious persons were spinning around it for a long time. Their faces and actions are recorded in his memory.

Unpleasant surprises await uninvited guests in the form of blinding lights and a sound siren. In addition, it will inform the user about their penetration into the House by phone and call the security.

Emergency situations.

In the event of emergencies (for example, water leaks), the House will not only inform the user and the relevant service, but also take the necessary measures to localize the accident (stop the water supply).

Presence effect

In the absence of the user, the House can imitate the usual lifestyle of the owners, turning on lights and music in the evenings, thereby creating the effect of presence.

As a conclusion, I would like to note that the "Smart House" system is a complex home automation system with a wide range of functions. The system is relatively popular all over the world. The system includes control functions for such systems as lighting, ventilation, security system, fire safety system, water leakage protection system, heating system, etc. The system works thanks to platforms for building bus distributed control systems of the above systems, such as LanDrive, LCN, iRidium Mobile, BPT, MyHome SCS, EIB.

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