XII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2020

In September 2015, at the United Nations high-level meeting on sustainable development in New York, 193 UN member States officially adopted the new global sustainable development agenda – "Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development".

The agenda includes 17 sustainable development Goals and 169 targets.

More than half of the world’s population now live in urban areas. By 2050, that figure will have risen to 6.5 billion people – two-thirds of humanity. Sustainable development cannot be achieved without significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces.

The rapid growth of cities in the developing world, coupled with increasing rural to urban migration, has led to a boom in mega-cities. In 1990, there were ten mega-cities with 10 million inhabitants or more. In 2014, there are 28 mega-cities, home to a total 453 million people.

Extreme poverty is often concentrated in urban areas, and national and city authorities are trying to adapt to the growing population in these areas. Ensuring the safety and sustainability of cities means creating career and business opportunities, providing access to safe and affordable housing, and improving slum settlements. This also includes investing in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management through broad participation and inclusivity.

It is the eleventh sustainable development goal that is linked to the creation of sustainable cities and human settlements.

It includes 7 tasks:

By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums;

By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons;

By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries;

Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage;

By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations;

By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management;

By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.

Methods for achieving the 11 sustainable development goals:

Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, per-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning.

By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels.

Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials.

Many of these tasks are solved through the activities of the architect. It is architects who create comfortable and safe housing that would satisfy the needs of all people. In their projects, they also take into account the issue of ecology. Architects try to choose building materials that are safe for the environment and for people, as well as that do not require large monetary costs.

Also, architects in their projects try to create an aesthetic image that would fit harmoniously into the existing urban environment.

Very often, architects design not only buildings, but also the surrounding landscape. They create parks where you can relax and enjoy nature, playgrounds where children can safely play under the supervision of parents.

Architects are also engaged in the restoration of cultural monuments, which helps us not to forget our history and culture, and preserve it for future generations.

In the modern world, with the growth of the urban population, it is necessary to create new cities, solve problems of resource supply, because the more people, the more resources are required. The issue of nature conservation is also relevant, as it is necessary to decide how to process waste, how not to pollute the air and the environment.

Many projects have already been created in Russia to achieve this goal. For example, Green city, Ecotectonics, Accessible environment, etc. the Implementation of these projects will gradually lead us to our goal.

In April 2016 at the UN headquarters in New York, the SDG Fund hosted the Pritzker Architecture Prizeand brought together renowned architects such as Alejandro Aravena, Glenn Murcutt, Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers, Wang Shu, Thom Mayne, Richard Meier, and Christian de Portzamparc to explore links between contemporary society and the role of architecture to improve livelihoods. The SDG Fund is working to engage leading world architects in social housing.

In Mozambique, the SDG Fund is providing training opportunities on green construction using traditional techniques and materials. The objective is to create residences that are less expensive while also preserving the environment.

In Honduras, the SDG-F supports the protection of the cultural and natural heritage in the Ruta Lenca. The programme aims at sustaining culture and heritage for the Lenca people by generating income opportunities through the revitalization of the Lenca culture and the development of micro-businesses in the area, led by youth and women, geared towards sustainable tourism.

As dense hubs of global activity, cities present some of the greatest challenges among the Sustainable Development Goals. From housing, public health, and employment to natural resource consumption and transportation, achieving the SDGs will hinge on urban planning initiated now. By 2030, 60 per cent of the global population will reside in cities.

The issue of sustainable urbanisation interlinks with many of UNU’s focus areas ranging from governance, migration, water, and health to economic development, waste, climate change, and vulnerability to natural hazards. Our goal is to avoid the past tendency to treat these issues as discrete urban problems, and instead undertake interdisciplinary, policy-relevant analyses to find solutions with co-benefits — feasible options by which urban populations can tackle interconnected challenges.

Thus, the role of the architect in ensuring the sustainability of cities and localities is to create a comfortable and safe environment for people. But not only professionals can achieve this goal, but each of us could contribute anyhow. We can and some of us already take the garbage for recycling, help clean up the pollution. In the frames of our curriculum we develop personal projects aimed to make our city more environmentally friendly and comfortable and pleasant to live in. The most advance students of our faculty participate in project competitions presenting their view on the architecture of modernity.

References: and this will bring us closer to the goal.

https://www.undp.org/

http://sdg.openshkola.org/

https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/

https://www.sdgfund.org/goal-11-sustainable-cities-and-communities

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