XII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2020

Phraseological units are habitually defined as non – motivated word – groups that cannot be freely made up in speech but are reproduced as ready – made units. This definition proceeds from the assumption that the essential components are not steady and lack of motivation. It is consequently assumed that unlike components of free word – groups which may vary according to the needs of communication, member – words of phraseological units are always reproduced as single unchangeable collocations.

It is also argued that stability of the phraseological unit is not confined to its lexical components. Grammatical structure of phraseological units is to a certain extent also stable.

As can be inferred from the above the two features of phraseological units – lack of motivation and stability – are viewed to a certain extent as interdependent. The basic criterion, however, is relative lack of motivation or idiomaticity of the phraseological unit.

It is impossible to divide them into words in detached sentences. They have a link which is called a word combination.

According to the division of M. Akhtymov there are 2 kinds of word combination: free combination and linked combination. Linked combinations may be called phraseological units.

Phraseology studies phraseological unities or set – phrases. The main specialty of set – phrases is that they exist in ready for speech form. The parts of set – phrases are tightly connected with each other and can’t be replaced. Every word has its definite place. But in some phraseological units words can change their place.

But in that case we can’t say that the place of set phrases is free. The words in such phrases can change its place because they can be used differently.

Phraseological unit is a part of a sentence, we can see from the lexical and grammatical meaning of this unit and which part of the sentence it is.

In conclusion we can say that there are two types of word combination. Linked combinations are set – phrases in other words. They are widely used in speech. And such combinations are always used in their figurative meaning.

The Bashkir phraseological units are of the same types as in Russian.

So, there are 3 types of such units in Bashkir:

phraseological unions

phraseological unities

phraseological combinations

Phraseologicalunion is a unit, where the meaning of it is connected with the lexical meaning of words, which are used in this unit. So, there are two subtypes of phraseological union.

І. If it contains a word, which isn’t used as a word in modern speech.

ІІ. If it contains words, which are used in modern speech.

It is impossible to substitute one word with another in the phraseological union. It has it’s steadily form and can’t be replaced. Such kinds of unions are widely used among people and are characterized by expressive and emotional complexion.

So, from this passage we can see that phraseological unions are of two types. Words in them mustn’t be replaced. But they can be replaced with words with the same meaning.

Phraseological unity is a unit in which we can explain the meaning of it with the help of the figurative meaning of words which are used in this unity:

For a drink it is a good hand

That gives naught but pure water

And an evil hand gives poison [50;147];

“Pray, yourself remember, father,

In your hand you have a cudgel,

That once used to be a sapling,

But you’ve stripped it of its young rind,

Blunted out at the edges,

Turning it into a dry stick [49;120].

It is difficult to say either these phraseological unities appeared in different languages and only resembled each other, or came from one language to another.

Phraseological unity is widely used as lexical – semantic device.

In this passage we examine phraseological unities. They also may be called as phraseological metaphor. Phraseological unities have their synonyms. Some phraseological unities differ in Bashkir and Russian.

Phraseological combination is a unit, which consists of dependant words. A group which denote the meaning. This unit may be of two kinds: the first type contains words, which can not be used separately, because they can lose their meaning.

This part points out that phraseological combination may be of two kinds. Either it contains words, which can not be used separately, or on the contrary.

So, this part of the course paper tells us about the types of phraseological units. It gives us the information about each type separately, paying attention to their pecularity.

Литература

Зыкова И.В. Практический курс английской лексикологии = A Practical Course in English Lexicology: Учеб. пособие для студ. лингв. вузов и фак. ин. Языков / Ирина Владимировна Зыкова. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. – 288 с.

Красных В.В. Этнопсихолингвистика и лингвокультуралогия. М.: Гнозис, 2002. -284 с.

Маслова В.А. Лингвокультуралогия: Учеб. пособие для студ. высш. учеб. заведений. –М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2001. -208 с.

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