XII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2020

The U.S. Customs Service sometimes referred to as a customs bureau or bureau of customs,a customs agency is a government entity that is charged withthe responsibility of overseeing and enforcing governmental laws relating toimported 19 goods and services.

Most countries around the world have a customs agency, often under the direction of the department that is responsible for managing national matters of finance. The history of the United States Customs Service goes back as far as that of the nation itself.

In 1789, when Congress first assembled in New York City to launch this country on its proper course, it had one overriding concern money: where to find it, how to collect it, how to keep it rolling in. Fighting a revolution (American Revolutionary War or American War of Independence 1775 – 1783) had left the state treasury bare, but was proposed a remedy that would eventually make the nation solvent: Impose a duty on imports and create a wellregulated agency to ensure its due collection..

The Fifth Act of the First Congress, signed by President Washington on July 31, 1789, created the first agency of the federal government: a field organization of Collectors "to regulate the Collection of the Duties imposed by law on the tonnage of ships or vessels, and on goods, wares and merchandises imported into the United States". There were 59 collection districts established, which were also ports of entry, and 116 ports of delivery.

The legislation provided for Presidential appointment of 59 Collectors, 10 Naval Officers and 33 Surveyors. This organization was under the direct authority of the Secretary of the Treasury. For over 100 years after its birth, the U.S. Customs Service was the primary source of funds for the entire government, and paid for the nation's early growth and infrastructure. In the 20th century, as international trade and travel increased dramatically, the Customs Service transitioned from an administrative bureau to a federal law enforcement agency. Inspectors still inspected goods and took customs declarations from travelers at ports of entry, but customs agents used modern police methods often in concert with allied agencies to investigate cases often far from international airports, bridges and land crossings.

The U.S. Customs Service passed from under jurisdiction of the Treasury Department to the Department of Homeland Security.20 On March 1,2003, parts of the U.S. Customs Service formed U.S. Customs and Border Protection.CBP became an official agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security.CBP is currently headed by Acting Commissioner Alan Bersin who was appointed by President Barack Obama on March 27,2010.CBP secures America’s borders 24 hours a day, seven days a week while facilitating legitimate trade and travel.It does so by integrating modern technology, deploying highly trained law enforcement personnel, and developing industry partnerships that advance its overall mission.

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