XII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2020

Gothic is one of the most famous and well-known styles in architecture. Gothic cathedrals impress people and bring out different emotions and feelings: admiration, surprise and even fear...Victor Hugo defined Gothic architecture as "music captured in stone".

Gothic originated in the middle of the XII century in the north of France, and then spread to the Western and Central parts of Europe. The characteristic features of Gothic style are ribs, buttresses, gargoyles, ark-boutants, pinnacles, spiers, weathercocks, stained-glass windows and rose-windows (Appx., fig. 7-9.). A frame structural system was used to extend internal space of Gothic temples (Appx., fig.10).

Among the variety of temples, the Chartres Cathedral in France (1194 - 1260) (Appx., fig. 1-2.) and the Church of the Holy Family in Barcelona (1882 - today) are known all over the world (Appx., fig. 5-6.).

The Basílica de la Sagrada Família is a famous Antonio Gaudi’s project, which is planned to be completed in 2026. It will be the highest stone cathedral in the world (its height will be 172 m). Construction of the temple is being carried out only for donations.

Antonio Gaudi knew that he would not have time to finish the construction and focused his attention on the facade of Christmas (Appx., fig. 6) to show the appearance of the whole cathedral. Thus, he "advertised" his creation in order to receive a donation for construction. Sagrada Familia is the greatest building which is being built, studied and analyzed nowadays by many outstanding architects. Their main task is to realize and implement the ideas of ​​the great architect.

The Chartres Cathedral, unlike the Church of the Holy Family (and many other Gothic temples), was erected in a short time. The church played an important role in the life of peasants. That is why, when an old church was destroyed by fire, Bishop Reno needed to replenish the loss in order to pacify the people. He aimed to build a magnificent and large-scale cathedral in order to strengthen the power of the Catholic Church. To justify his promises, Renault invited the best architect (whose name isn’t known). The architect proposed to change the typical rectangular plan of the old temple (Appx., fig.3.) to a new one in the form of a Latin cross (Appx., fig.4.). The peasants were ready to give all their belongings to the construction of their "religion". The required amount of money was collected through donations.

During the construction many different problems had to be solved: delivery of materials, the lack of experienced builders, construction at high altitude and a constant lack of finances.

The construction of huge structures always requires new skills and approaches, unique constructive solutions in order to create something truly new and unusual like the greatest Gothic temples. Inside these cathedrals, you are impressed by their power, beauty, serenity and a magical atmosphere.

List of references:

[Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: https://tonkosti.ru/

[Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа:https://nat-geo.ru/

[Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа:https://nat-geo.ru/

[Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа:http://beatricemagazine.com/kak-chitat-goticheskiy-hram/

Appendix

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