XII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2020

At the moment, there are two conflicting parties in the media. Service providers complain about poor collection of utility bills, while consumers complain about unreasonably high cost and poor quality of services provided.

Often this conflict has no rational background and the current state of Affairs remains unchanged.

In response to criticism about the low quality of services manufacturers say that this direction is unprofitable in nature and the collected funds are not enough for the reconstruction of utility networks. However, world experience shows the opposite.

Currently, one of the significant items of expenditure when paying for housing and communal services is the line associated with heating. Many articles in the media are sharply negative in nature and in addition to General phrases do not give recommendations for a way out of the current situation. The purpose of this article is to consider innovations in the field of heat supply.

First of all, it is necessary to determine the main directions of irrational spending. Often, when solving such a deep task, we have to face the banal heating of the street, when poor insulation on the main lines allows us to observe green grass even in the winter season, and is also a haven for the homeless. The use of only the method of washing pipes already gives a significant effect for utilities.

After washing the systems with the reagent, experts stated the effective operation of all heating devices, the capacity of heat supply systems increased by 24-34 %. This means that after adjusting the heat transfer of heating systems, in the new heating period, residents of houses can receive real savings.

There are also a number of innovations, the use of which will actually eliminate inefficient overspending:

1.Thermometer

2.Heat pump

3.Air recovery system

Thermometer. Now more and more owners of various enterprises are thinking about energy saving. And this is not surprising-why overpay for heating or water supply, when it can really save? The easiest way to save money is to install meters. But we can go further in this matter. On the market of energy — saving equipment there is a new class of products-thermometers. They can be used in almost any heating and hot water systems. Thermometers are designed for automatic control of hot water temperature in water supply systems and coolant temperature in heating systems. With the help of the device, you can create the necessary microclimate for a particular room. In addition, the thermomizer allows you to save the consumption of primary coolant, and, therefore, money.

Savings resulting from the installation of thermometer, is due to two factors.

First, if after passing through the heating system, the coolant retains a high temperature, it is again activated by the system, and does not go to the heating plant. Secondary use of the coolant gives an undeniable plus, since to ensure the required temperature requires a much smaller amount of primary coolant than without the use of a thermomizer. This option is suitable for residential, public and administrative buildings.

Secondly, thanks to the thermomizer, we can set the temperature of the coolant we need at a time when the room is not used. Thus, there is a reduction in the consumption of thermal energy, and therefore-its savings. If necessary, the flow section of the regulator on the straight line decreases, and the temperature of the carrier falls to the minimum permissible. When using the thermomizer in the production or retail space, you will receive considerable savings in thermal energy, and, therefore, the funds that will have to pay for the meter. At night and holidays, when the company is not functioning, the coolant consumption is not reduced by default. Which means you have to pay a lot more than you could. Setting thermomiter, it is possible to reduce the temperature of the coolant at night. With device control you only need to enter the required parameters and thermometer will save the expenditure of the heat carrier.

The advantages of thermomizer are not limited to saving money. Thanks to the device, it is possible to maintain the necessary temperature inside the room. For many enterprises, offices and shopping centers, the creation of a certain microclimate is of great importance

Note — for calculation the most heat-intensive month of winter in the Central region-February is taken.

Practice of implementation of energy-saving projects in the sphere of housing and communal services shows: economy of heat consumption at use of the thermostat can reach 50-60 % that will reduce payment for the consumed heat by 30-40 %.

The average cost of domestic thermomizer is 25 000 rubles. the Introduction of these devices is justified for enterprises, office and shopping centers, as well as apartment buildings

Heat pump. These devices are compact heating installations designed for Autonomous heating and hot water supply of residential and industrial premises. They are environmentally friendly, as they work without burning fuel and do not produce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, as well as extremely economical, because when supplied to the heat pump, for example, 1 kW of electricity, depending on the operating mode and operating conditions, produces up to 3-4 kW of heat energy

The economic efficiency of heat pumps depends on:

* low-potential heat source temperatures;

* the cost of electricity in the region;

* the cost of thermal energy produced using different types of fuel.

The use of heat pumps instead of traditionally used sources of heat energy is economically advantageous.:

* no need for the purchase, transportation, storage of fuel and expenditure of funds associated with it;

* release of a large area necessary for the placement of the boiler, access roads and storage of fuel.

References:

1.SNiP II-35-76 Heat networks. - Moscow: Ministry of construction of Russia, GP tspp, 2003. - 60 s.

2.SNiP 23-01-99 Construction climatology / Gosstroy of Russia, sue CPP, 2000-48 p.

3. Adjustment and operation of water heat networks: Reference / V. I. manyuk, Ya. I. Kaplinsky, E. B. Khizh et al. - 3rd ed., Rev. and extra - M.: stroiizdat, 1988. - 432 p.: Il.

4. E. Y. Sokolov district Heating and heat networks: Textbook for universities. - 7th ed., stereot. - Moscow: MEI, 2001. - 472 p.: Il.

5. Aksenov A. N., Rabenko V. S., Trukhachev V. N.: Handbook of water and water vapor properties/IGEU; KAF. Nuclear power plant 1999

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