XII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2020

US Customs has been around for two hundred years. The primary objective of the US Customs Service is to protect US borders and enforce laws when importing and exporting goods to the United States. Officially, the US Customs has counted its existence since July 31, 1789. Over this rather considerable period, she has gained vast experience in this field, setting an example to other countries with her uniqueness and active development, including innovations in detecting and combating smuggling. Customs empowered to enforce not only customs laws and control the collection of customs duties in their area responsibility also includes monitoring the implementation of all federal US border laws.

The entire scope of the US Customs Service in according to legislation can be divided into the following main directions: implementation of customs laws; enforcement of laws narcotic drugs; enforcement of export control laws and enforcement of anti-money laundering legislation.

The core element of the US Customs is a check of the documentation accompanying the goods and persons entering to the country or leaving it. For example, arriving passengers must prepare and submit a customs declaration in which they are required indicate: whether they import certain items into the country, such as, money, animal products, and weapons. A similar work with documents is carried out in respect of imported or exported goods. Of course, the amount of such work is significant more than in the case of passengers.

Processing of large volumes checked by customs inspectors documentation, as well as their receipt in the process of checking other information of interest became possible only after continuous computerization of customs activities. Computer technology used by US Customs almost any information, including passengers. For example, questions about whether there are any unfulfilled orders in relation to them, whether they were previously held liable for violations customs or other legislation, as well as how they entered or left the country in the past.

Regarding liability for customs violations legislation, then in the United States for each individual type of violation may several sanctions should be provided. Some of them wear either administrative or civilian nature. For example, seizure, confiscation. In addition, in the United States for violations of customs law may criminal sanctions should be provided. For example imprisonment or imposition of a criminal fine.

If identified by US Customs violations of customs legislation, they also carry out investigation into this fact. If the Customs Service identifies other offenses, then in this case further the investigation is usually carried out by customs in conjunction with another investigative body. For example, if an offense is detected at the border, drug related investigation is being conducted by the Customs and Drug Law Enforcement Administration.

As part of their authority, customs officers have the right stop cars and enter ships and planes without a search warrant for customs inspection and border control. They are also entitled, subject to appropriate judicial sanctions, conduct listening and electronic surveillance, as well as other operational activities.

US Customs shows that it is fairly similar to law enforcement activities of the customs authorities of Russia, although has its own specificity, which needs to be examined more carefully in order to extract positive experience and apply it in the implementation further reforms in the field of customs. Also, the US Customs Service is the main constituent structure that protects national borders.

Sources of literature

Official site "US Customs and Border Protection" Electronic resource: https://www.cbp.gov;.

Boykova M.V. Foreign experience of customs administration: a Textbook. Moscow,2017 http://rta.customs.ru/nrta/attachments;.

Makrusev V.V. Fundamentals of System Analysis: A Textbook. -M .: , 2006.;.

Hrytankova O. L. Application of the risk management system in the customs services of the world / O. L. Hrytankova // Young scientist. - 2011. - No. 11. T.1.;.

Information Technology in Customs: A Study Guide: In 2 hours. Part 1.;.