XII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2020

The tasks of education nowadays are determined by the need to overcome the gap between Russia's economic development and global trends. Despite the fact that the period of transition of our state to the democratic society with developed market economy has come to an end, and today there is no doubt that we need to develop human capital assets intensively, there is still not enough attention paid to the financing of educational institutions.

At the same time the competitive position for the national economy can be provided only by the system of education. The Russian system of education has always been competitive in relation to the systems of economically developed countries. However, in the recent years a certain decrease of its effectiveness is being observed.

This means that the necessity has appeared to upgrade the system of education, which is impossible without government support. This requires the allocation of resources and the creation of mechanisms for their use.

The primary attention needs to be paid to the school system of education since the students receive the basic knowledge and skills there, which promote further personality formation and development.

The Edict of the President of the Russian Federation of 7 May 2012 №599 “On measures aimed at the realization of the national policy in the sphere of education and science” initiated the introduction of the per capita financing of the educational organisations. Starting from 1 January 2016 all comprehensive schools switched to per capita financing.

The main principle of per capita financing is “Money follows the student”. This means that the educational institution receives the money for government (municipal) contract for teaching every student, according to their total number. Thus, the more students there are, the more money will be given to the exact institution. The idea of the school system optimization becomes clear. For schools it means to get bigger financing. At the same time, one of the tasks of the budget is to save a part of funds.

It was supposed that per capita financing will make the school staff work better in order to attract more students into their schools and thus get a bigger subvention for the realization of the state educational standard.

“The General requirements for determining standard costs for the provision of state (municipal) services in the field of education, science and youth policy, used in calculating the amount of subsidies for financial support for the fulfillment of the state (municipal) task for the provision of state (municipal) services (fulfillment works) by a state (municipal) institution“ were approved by the decree of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of 22 Septeber 2015 №1040.

Starting from 2016 the capitation standard rate is set according to the “General requirements”.

The general requirements take into account the following: the forms of education, the types of educational institutions, the forms of realization of educational programs, the conditions for the education of students with disabilities, providing safe learning conditions. Regulatory costs for the provision of state (municipal) services for general educational organizations are determined per student.

As the practice of using per capita financing of general education organizations has shown, not everything is so simple.

S.S. Novikova, the principal of the public educational institution “Ninorovskaya public school”, village Ninorovo, Uglich district, Yaroslavl region, published an article in the journal "Directory of the head of educational institutions", No. 11, 2012, in which she spoke about the unification of educational institutions in her district.

In the Uglich district, the restructuring of the network of educational institutions began with the unification of schools and kindergartens, which helped to save places for preschool children, since only the pupils of the preschool group, which is a structural unit of the school, were financed from the regional budget. Legally independent pre-schools were funded exclusively from the municipal budget.

Such a union also has disadvantages. These are transportation problems, since schools are located at a considerable distance from each other, and now it takes a lot of time and effort to complete legal, formalized procedures. [5]

There was information in the media of Altai Krai that over the past year 17 schools were closed in the region. The Ministry of Education and Science of Altai Krai has denied this information. At the same time, in the new academic year 2019, 1,097 educational institutions will begin to work from September instead of 1,114 in 2018. The educational institutions changed their status, although they were not closed, as in some the number of students became less than 10. Therefore, the Ministry of Education and Science, together with the municipalities, decided to transfer them to the status of branches. There are 414 branches in the territory of the region.

The introduction of the student-hour has reflected in the configuration of the classes. The payroll has increased to 30 people. Previously, foreign language lessons were held with a sub-group of children. Today, teachers have lost half of their salaries, because now lessons are held with a whole class, which also affects the quality of knowledge. Many teachers have started leaving school. With the introduction of the second foreign language, this problem has only worsened.

At the end of August, speaking at the government hour in the Altai regional Legislative Assembly, the Minister of Education and Science of Altai Krai, Maxim Kostenko, noted that Altai Krai lacked about 200 teachers of the second foreign language. According to the minister, there are teachers in the region in the required quantity, but they are leaving the profession. This is the main problem.

This is due primarily to high loads and requirements, as well as low salaries. Teachers who are yesterday's graduates receive a sum slightly higher than the minimum wage. Their colleagues, who have a solid track record, earn on average about 25 thousand rubles together with additional workloads, which also does not stimulate them to work in this sphere.

On June 27, 2019, the Education Committee of the city of Barnaul issued an order for No. 1239-main. “On the Approval of the Provisional Regulation on the Remuneration of Workers of Municipal General Educational Institutions Subordinate to the Education Committee of the City of Barnaul”. Starting from September 1st of this year, schools in Altai Krai are introducing a new branch system of remuneration for teachers. It is expected that the changes will increase the average salary from three to seven thousand rubles, while all allowances and ratios will be preserved. In addition, the salary of teachers will not depend on the number of students in the class. Thus, a change in the teacher remuneration system may become a major factor in increasing the prestige of this profession, and as a result, it will contribute to strengthening the staff of secondary educational institutions.

References

1.Федеральный закон от 29.12.2012 N 273-ФЗ "Об образовании в Российской Федерации" [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.consultant.ru

2. Об утверждении общих требований к определению нормативных затрат на оказание государственных (муниципальных) услуг в сфере образования, науки и молодежной политики, применяемых при расчете объема субсидии на финансовое обеспечение выполнения государственного (муниципального) задания на оказание государственных (муниципальных) услуг (выполнения работ) государственным (муниципальным) учреждением : Приказ Минобрнауки России от 22 сентября 2015 года № 1040. [Электронный ресурс] URL: www.normativ.kontur.ru

3. Приказ Комитета образования города Барнаула от 27 июня 2019 г. №1239-осн. «Об утверждении Примерного положения об оплате труда работников муниципальных общеобразовательных учреждений, подведомственных комитету образования города Барнаула». [Электронный ресурс] URL: https://www.barnaul-obr.ru/pages/pravovye-akty

4. Анализ нормативно подушевого финансирования общего образования в субъектах Российской Федерации / И.В. Абанкина// Нац. Исслед. ун-т «Высшая школа экономики», Институт образования – Москва: НИУ ВШЭ, 2016. – 64 с.

5. Каковы плюсы и минусы объединения школ?/ Сайт «Гражданская инициатива». [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://netreforme.org/shkoli/school-terminate/kakovyi-plyusyi-i-minusyi-obedineniya-shkol/

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