XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

The theme “Idioms in our speech” is relevant, as every day people talk, exchange information, feelings and thoughts. The process of communication is one of the most extraordinary and exceptional human abilities. We are so accustomed to constantly using this amazing gift that sometimes we don’t think about what graphic and expressive means we use in our speech. Metaphors, impersonation, idioms, epithets, comparison, hyperbole, etc. - just a small list of those techniques that we use in conversation. Idiom are one of the most vivid and active expressive means of the language. They are also an important instrument of speech influence on a person, give the language a special expressiveness, imagery and emotional coloring, contribute to the understanding of his deeply humane ideas and help to diversify our speech. The use of phraseological units depends on the ideological thematic focus of speech, they are diverse in semantics, stylistic and historical-genetic characteristics. Often we use various phraseological turns in our speech, but in different kinds of contexts they sound differently, expressing those shades of meaning and feelings that we want to convey. The phraseological fund is a treasure trove of the Russian language. Only one who is fluent in his native speech and loves it can feel the joy of fluency in speech and learn all the richness of the Russian language. It is impossible to know the individual facets of the Russian language without studying phraseology. The knowledge of the language of phraseology makes it easier to read and understand artistic and scientific literature. We present what the author wanted to tell us in this context. Phraseology gives us the opportunity to feel the culture and peculiarities of a given language, as well as the style of thinking, national character and attitude of its speakers. Nowadays, many scientists are actively engaged in the study of phraseology, as interest in the problems of phraseology increases. Linguists, lexicologists and other scientists are engaged in the study of various types of phraseological units, studying their structure, properties, role in the sentence and relationships with other parts of speech.

By origin, most of the phraseological units are free phrases or sentences. In them, each component has its own, definite meaning. In some cases, there is some correlation between those and others. Those free phrases that served as the basis for the formation of phraseological units are their models. Many idioms arose on Russian soil.

From the point of view of origin, the following groups of phraseological units are distinguished:

Primordially, Russians are phraseological turns of pan-Slavic, East Slavonic and Russian character, they form the basis of Russian phraseology. For example, turnovers are led by the nose, from head to toe and taken by the living. The East Slavic (arisen from the VI to the XIV century) belonged to the deaf grouse, during the reign of Tsar Peas, to grind lyasy, I go to you (= "to you"; according to the testimony of the chronicles, the words of Prince Svyatoslav, meaning a declaration of war), to tell the truth under the hot hand.

Most of the originally Russian phraseological units are actually Russian (starting from the 15th century and up to our days). Many of these phrases arose from free combinations of words.

The second group is borrowed phraseological units: the forbidden fruit, the promised land, alpha and omega (Old Slavonic), hang the nose (Polish), Augean stables, the thread of Ariadne, the Achilles heel (Greek).

The borrowed phraseological turnovers include phraseological tracing paper, polukalki and barbarism.

Live speech and oral folk art contribute to the continuous replenishment of the phraseological stock of the Russian language. Many emotional expressive expressions overcame the boundaries of folklore and were assimilated by the literary language. But above all, these expressions served only for living construction.

Creativity of the people and various writers are one of the possible sources of enrichment of phraseology. The insufficiently processed power of popular speech under the pen of the writer turns into a literary language. The eloquence and imagery of the speech of writers and poets who use various phraseological units in their works influence the reader's imagination, forcing him to experience what was said more than if the speech were purely logical and not sensual.

Russian national phraseology chooses complex and intricate paths of development. On this road, not only new artistic values ​​are created, but at the same time a deep and modern classical heritage is being understood, which is an integral part of the spiritual and speech culture of our people.

Considering phraseologisms from the point of view of their origin, we can understand a person’s view of the world and the surrounding reality, the emotional and spiritual life of a people, and imagine how rich our language is in expressive language means. In the Russian idioms reflected historical and important events for the people. We also have the opportunity to formulate the right directions in which efforts should be made to develop culture and language.

Thus, the process of development and enrichment of various languages ​​is always mutual, and the Russian language is actively involved in this process.

References:

Vinogradov V.V. Selected Works. Lexicology and lexicography.

Shansky N.M. Phraseology of the modern Russian language.

Molotkov A.I. Basics of phraseology.