XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Providing the population with meat and environmentally friendly meat products is one of the main socio-economic tasks of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. In solving this problem, the priority should be considered the development of pig breeding, as the most precocious branch of meat livestock.

The level of production and consumption of pork in most countries of the world is growing steadily and in the structure of the world balance is 104710 thousand tons or 42,7%. The share of pork in the meat balance of Western European countries is 20270 thousand tons, which is 60% of the total meat production, while Russia produces 3115 thousand tons, which does not exceed 24% of total production.

At the moment, the pig industry in Russia is in a state of development. Data on the development of the industry are such that in the period from February to December 2016 the number of pigs increased by 10,5%. The observed growth of livestock contributed to the reduction of the difference between the indicators of the current year and the past (up to 0,1%). So even the January figure was lower than last year by 0,4%, and since February 2016, the deviation is only 0.1%. A negative index we observe is mainly due to the reduction of livestock in farms of the population.

Reduction of production in this category of economy is promoted by: use of inefficient technologies of cultivation of pigs, lack of prevention of treatment of diseases, unsatisfactory conditions of the contents, and also inefficient use of available land resources. The result is high labor costs that exceed 10 persons h per hundredweight of production, and low profitability of production not exceeding 5%.

In private household and peasant farms, economic and environmental indicators do not allow today to produce profitable and competitive products. The reason for this is the lack of production buildings of small pig complexes with modern technological equipment.

The consequence of this is high labor costs, poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, a large percentage of stressful situations, high mortality of pigs after farrowing and low rates of weight gain on fattening.

And given that about 18% of production is produced in small pig farms in the country, we can conclude that it is of great importance in the agricultural sector. In addition to agricultural production, they play an important demographic and socio-cultural role and are the only source of employment and income for rural families, which contributes to the preservation of rural lifestyles.

Literature

1. Ways to improve the efficiency of the pig industry in the Russian Federation // Pig breeding, 2003. - № 4. - p. 27-28.

2. Bezzubtsev M. M., Volkov V. S., Kotov A. V. energy-Efficient electrotechnologies in agricultural and environmental management study guide, 2012. – SPb.: Spbgau. – 260 p.