XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky

Lobachevsky taught at the Imperial Kazan University for 40 years, including 19 years as rector; his activities and skilful leadership brought the University among the leading Russian educational institutions.

The first years of life (1792-1807)

In 1802 Praskovia Alexandrovna gave all three sons of the Kazan gymnasium. Nikolai Lobachevsky graduated from high school at the end of 1806, showing good knowledge. His interest in mathematics, which was already manifested at that time, was a great merit of the teacher of the gymnasium G. I. Kartashevsky.

Nicholas in July 1806 was put to the test but failed, however, on 22 December of the same year passed the re-test, 14 Feb 1807 was admitted to the University.

Young years (1807-1814)

The influence of new talented teachers affected the interests of Nicholas. However, there was a place for student pranks.

In 1811, after graduating from the University, Lobachevsky received a master's degree in physics and mathematics with honors and was left at the University. At the end of August 1811 with Lobachevsky and Simonov observes the comet. And in October of the same year Bartels began to study with Lobachevsky the classical works of Gauss and Laplace. The study of these works became an incentive for independent research. At the end of 1811, Lobachevsky introduced the theory of elliptical movement of celestial bodies. In 1813 was presented another work- "on the algebraic resolution of equations”. In addition to research, Nicholas also engaged in teaching activities-working with students and read arithmetic and geometry special lectures for officials.

The beginning of the study (1814-1820)

The beginning of Lobachevsky's teaching activity coincided with radical transformations in University life. July 7, 1816 Lobachevsky on the initiative of Saltykov was approved as an extraordinary Professor. After the election of an extraordinary Professor Lobachevsky trust to read more responsible courses.

Last years (1845-1856)

The position of Trustee of the Kazan educational district passes to Lobachevsky. November 20, 1845 Lobachevsky was elected rector for the sixth time in the new four years and unanimously.

The following year, 1846, was difficult for Lobachevsky. On February 8, his two-year-old daughter Nadezhda dies. In the same year the Ministry, according to the Charter, had to make the decision on leaving professors Lobachevsky and Simonov or the choice of new teachers. On June 11, the University Council informed the Minister that" there is no reason " to remove Lobachevsky and Simonov from teaching. Despite the opinion of the Council, on August 16, 1846 the Ministry" on the instructions of the governing Senate " removed Lobachevsky not only from the professorial Department, but also from the post of rector. Soon Lobachevsky went bankrupt, the house in Kazan and the estate of his wife were sold for debts. In 1852, Alexei's eldest son, Lobachevsky's favorite, died of tuberculosis. His health is compromised, his vision is impaired. But despite this Lobachevsky tries to participate as much as possible in the life of the University. The last work of the scientist, "Pangeometry", was recorded under the dictation of the blind scientist's disciples in 1855. He died on 12 (24) February 1856, the very day he first published his version of non-Euclidean geometry 30 years ago. He was buried at the Arsk cemetery in Kazan.

Lobachevsky geometry

On February 7 (19), 1826 Lobachevsky presented an essay for publication: "the summary of geometry begins with a strict proof of the theory of parallel." This work was the first serious publication in the world literature on non-Euclidean geometry, or Lobachevsky geometry. However, Lobachevsky's scientific ideas were not understood by his contemporaries. His work "on the principles of geometry" received a negative assessment in the ironic and sarcastic response to the book. Among other colleagues, almost none of Lobachevsky is not supported, the growing lack of understanding and ignorant ridicule Not having found understanding in the homeland, Lobachevsky tried to find like-minded people abroad. Gauss indirectly expressed sympathy for the ideas of the Russian scientist: he recommended that Lobachevsky be elected a foreign corresponding member of the göttingen Royal scientific society as "one of the finest mathematicians of the Russian state."

Lobachevsky died unrecognized, not having lived up to the triumph of his ideas only 10-12 years. Soon the situation in science has changed dramatically. The realization that Euclidean geometry has a full-fledged alternative made a great impression on the scientific world and gave impetus to other innovative ideas in mathematics and physics. In particular, Lobachevsky's geometry had a decisive influence on the appearance of Riemann geometry, Felix Klein's "Erlangen program" and the General theory of axiomatic systems.

References

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

https://obrazovaka.ru/alpha/l/lobachevskij-nikolaj-lobachevsky-nikolai

http://spacegid.com/biografiya-nikolaya-lobachevskogo.html

https://ria.ru/20121201/912875559.html

http://biografix.ru/nikolaj-lobachevskij

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