XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Among the stylistic devices based on identifying the relationship of the two types of lexical meanings can be attributed, and the use of proper names in the meaning of nominal, and, conversely, nominal in the meaning of proper. In such a stylistic use, we deal with the simultaneous implementation of the two types of lexical meanings: the subject-logical and naming, the main subject-logical and contextual-naming.

The word antonomasia comes from the Greek antonomasia, which translates as renaming, replacing a name (from antonomazo - I call it differently).

Antonomasia is known from antiquity. The tradition of using allegories instead of direct names of objects, or replacing true naming with equivalent words, goes back to ancient Greek mythology, where their characteristic properties and qualities served as analogues of gods and phenomena. For example, the supreme sea god Poseidon relied under the designation "earth oscillator".

The ancient orators used antonomasia to decorate speech, to enhance its imagery, expressiveness, encryption. The use of nominal names instead of proper ones is also due to the avoidance of repetitions of the same name, evasion of real names that cannot be named. For example, in the definition of “the destroyer of Carthage”, the name, meaning the Roman military leader Scipio, is intentionally omitted, the phrase “head of the Roman Speakers” refers to the eminent philosopher Cicero.

The Greek poet Likofron was famous for filling his speech with renames and admitted that he was writing riddles.

Many mythological and literary antonomasia have been preserved and are still in use. For example, the modern figurative, allegorical name of the dream “Morpheus” is the name of the ancient Greek god of dreams.

In addition, the technique is widely used in geographical descriptions, for example, "the land of the rising sun" is used as an analogue of "Japan."

Another, Latin in origin, the name of antonomasia is pronomination (from the Latin pronominatio).

Sources of many antonomasia are bright literary images. The names of the characters of W. Shakespeare became the nominal designations of human qualities: “Othello” - “Jealous”, “Romeo and Juliet” - “madly in love”.

Antonomasia is one of the particular cases of metonymy, which is based on the relationship between the place where the event took place and the event itself, a person known by some act, activity, and acts itself, activity. This relationship is manifested in the interaction of the nominal and subject-logical meaning.

Antonomasia is divided into linguistic and stylistic. Linguistic - these are proper names that have passed into the category of nominal. Their expressiveness faded and lost touch with the proper name (hooligan - it used to be a surname). But some have not lost their connection (Uncle Sam - American, Patrick - Irish, John Bull - American). Stylistic is the use of a personal name to characterize another person or thing possessing one or more characteristics of the carrier of the name.

Sometimes in the English language capital letters are the only marks of the use of antonomasia and the implication which such antonomasia carries in the text. Eg. Lord Nobody, Dr. Good fell. Traditionally proper names are built according to certain morphological patterns: noun+suffixes: -son, er, ard. Eg. Jon son, Morison, Herbert, Howard, Bernard.

There are the following types of antonomasia are distinguished:

a) The name of the real historical person. It can be universal or inherent in only one culture (he would be a Napoleon of peace or a Bismarck);

b) Biblical names (Jezebel - King Ahab's wife, with a bad reputation);

c) Mythological names (she laid a scrap of paper Hebe who was typing there - Hebe, the goddess of youth and spring);

d) Names from fiction (Don Quixote, Othello, Casanova);

e) Epithet instead of proper name. This epithet is motivated and understood by a native speaker of this language. Speaking about epithets we have underlined that it denotes certain qualities of a person. Many Nicknames of historical or public characters are based on the use of such characterization. Eg. The Iron Duke (the first Duke of Wellington). Old Hickory (Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the USA), the Iron Lady (M. Thatcher, the former prime Minister of Great Britain) Sometimes used at the same time proper name and epithet (Yes, he knew men and cities well, like the Old Greek without the dreadful disadvantage of having a Penelope at home for him =Odyssey are used - the symbol of the eternal wanderer, Penelope - the symbol of the faithful wife);

f) Metonymic antonomasia - when a product of an activity can be named after an inventor, a manufacturer or a place of its manufacture (a writer, a sculptor - to designate his work) - (a beautiful Rubens - his paintings). This type is typical for colloquial speech, for a political vocabulary (Wall Street, White House, Down Street - the residence of the British Prime Minister);

g) Significant, or speaking names that serve the author to characterize the characters. These names have a temporary character (Betty Sharp - tricky, insidious).

In Russian literature this device is employed by many of our classic writers. It will suffice to mention such names as Molchalin, Korobochka and Sobakevich to illustrate this efficient device for characterizing literary heroes, a device which is now falling out of use. These Russian names are also coined on the analogy of generally acknowledged models for proper names, with endings in -man, -in, -vich.

Antonomasia is a significant phenomenon not only artistic, but also publicist, colloquial speech, because the use of the device makes it possible to concisely, wittily, and eloquently express thoughts, while emphasizing the essential features of the observed phenomena.

References:

Galperin I.R. Stylistics - M., 1981;

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. – L., 2010;

Znamenskaya M.A. Stylistics of English language. - M., 2003.

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