XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

The economy development, population and human heeds growth are reasons of increasing of using energy resources, which amount are limited and exhaustible. So rational and effective using of the existing resources is the aim in the whole world, because their production is not increased always.

Russia has achieved some success in this regard - from 2000 to 2012, the energy intensity of the gross domestic product in Russia decreased by 33%, but it remains one of the highest developed countries. There are objective (climatic factors, the structure of the economy) and nonobjective (inefficient use of energy and high losses) reasons.

According to the estimation of the International Energy Agency, the potential for reducing the consumption of resources for the production of 1 unit of production is about 40%. Increasing the energy efficiency of the economy by 40% by 2020 is the task, which was set by the President of our country in the State Energy Policy. How can we do this?

The energy efficiency is the using of less energy to procuring the same level of energy supply of buildings or technological processes in production. It is considered that energy efficiency improvement is the fifth type of fuel.

The energy saving is the only tool for achievement the energy efficiency, because the energy saving is based on effective using of fuel and energy resources and adding renewables in economic circulation.

The energy needs is constantly increasing, power plants work at full load, especially in autumn and winter in peak hours of electricity consumption. There is a fact, that 15-20% of electricity is wasted because of unthrifty consumers.

The simplicity and affordability of electricity has caused appearing of the opinion that energy resources is not fossil and disappearing of sense electricity economy necessary.

The most difficult problem in the energy efficiency and the energy saving spheres is to start with yourself. Economy with rational self-limiting have sensible effect across the country, because our everyday habits are brought to educational institutions and to our work.

The main rule which should be followed to achieve the goal is to turn off electrical appliances, chargers, and lighting when it is not used, because it does not require any costs at all, but on the contrary, leads to apparent energy savings. Refer to the numbers:

1. Household appliances consume electricity even in standby mode. For example: a TV-set with a medium-sized screen in standby mode consumes 297 W/h per day, and a computer - 2 times larger;

2. A mobile phone charger left plugged in socket heats up, even if there is no phone. The device still consumes electricity, and at the same time 95% of the energy is wasted when the charger is connected to the socket all the time;

3. Remove scale in the kettle in a timely manner, because it has a low thermal conduction, which means that the water in the kettle heats up more slowly;

4. Energy-saving bulbs save up to 75-80% of electricity and their luminous efficiency is 5 times greater than that of ordinary ones. So their efficiency is obvious;

5. If an air conditioner uses with open window, the warm air from the street will mix with the cooled air of the room, because of this there will be a constant outflow of cold air and an influx of warm, and the room will cool more slowly. The air conditioner working in the open indoors cools the street, not the room;

6. It is important to take into account the energy efficiency indicator of the household appliance (the letters A and B correspond to the low class);

7. An washing machine working at incomplete load use the excess electricity about 10-15%. If it used with the wrong washing program - up to 30%.

Using one simple, cost-free rule will help to increase energy efficiency and even save money.

Bibliography list:

1. Energy saving in the housing stock: problems, practice and prospects: reference book of the institute of the city economy. - Moscow: The Institute of Urban Economics Foundation, 2004. – 105p.

2. Rodionov, V. G. Energetika: problems of the present and the possibilities of the future / V. G. Rodionov. - Moscow: ENAS, 2010. - 348 p.

3. Zverev, A.V. Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving: World Experience for Russia: [monograph] / A.V. Zverev. - Moscow: Statistics of Russia, 2011. - 176 p.