XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019
CARSHARING MARKET SEGMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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Carsharing services are one of the fastest developing market segments in the sphere of automobile transport in the world. Such services take their place in transport systems and nowadays people can use carsharing services at least in 13 cities of Russian Federation, e.g. Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Sochi and so on.
Generally, carsharing is a car rental service with a per minute charging. Carsharing vehicles are located in different parts of a city, within the carsharing service area. Searching and booking of automobiles are available by means of a special application installed on a smartphone , thus there is an opportunity to find a car somewhere within walking distance. The zone of carsharing vehicles usage is within the city limits, sometimes with an opportunity to get to suburbs, for example – to the airport. Such type of car rental can be cheaper, than taxi, much more convenient than a classic type of car rental, and in some cases, help to decrease the load of public transport.
This type of a service has a significant potential to be developed in the nearest future in large cities of the Russian Federation, according to evaluation of some experts [1].
To analyze the Russian carsharing market there was made a comparison of tariffs, conditions and automobiles, applied in 16 carsharing services, running on the territory of the Russian Federation (table 1).
13 of 16 services have fixed minute tariffs, two services have differentiated tariffs for use in the nighttime and the daytime (Delimobile and Anytime), and one (Yandex.Drive) has a dynamic tariff. In most cases, there is also a day-timetariffbased on the mileage covered (from 70 to 200 km). The time free of charge of order for booking an automobile is 20 min in all of the reviewed services. The payment for parking (waiting) is from 2 to 15 rub./min.
According to the analysis of the most important features of carsharing services, carried out from November to December in 2018 and comparison of the offered brands and models of automobiles, one can identify the following basic carsharing market segments in the Russian Federation.
«Low-cost» is 5-6 rub./min. The most suitable segment for the clients offers В-class vehicles with a minimal level of comfort, mostly produced by the local Russian manufacturers, or manufacturers of CIS- states (Lada Granta, Datsun On-DO и Mi-DO, Ravon R2), or vehicles, which are manufactured in China (Lifan X50). Such services don’t usually have additional benefits, like a free access to airports and pre-paid parking lots, but at the same time, it has a minimal requirements to age и and driving experience of the drivers.
«Basic» is 7-9 rub./min. It is the most common and widespread segment of carsharing – approximately 75% of carsharing operators. The provided automobiles are with better acceleration and comfort characteristics than in «Low-cost» segment. In particular, there are Korean-made cars of В-class (Kia Rio, Hyundai Solaris) or the cars of European brands (Renault Logan, Volkswagen Polo), and in some cases – not very expensive SUV (Hyundai Creta, Renault Kaptur). Such services can provide a free access to airports and pre-paid parking lots.
«Comfort» is 10-12 rub./min. This segment of carsharing services provides better equipped cars, the ones for «Basic» segment, with a higher tariff (Nissan Qashqai, Nissan X-Trail, Mini Cooper, Mercedes Benz A200). Mostly, such services provide a free access to airports and pre-paid parking lots.
«Premium» is 13-16 rub./min. In this market segment С-class German premium brand vehicles are offered (BMW 320i, BMW i3, BMW 2 series Active Tourer, Audi A3), and SUVs (BMW X2, Mercedes-Benz CLA, Mercedes-Benz GLA, Audi Q3 etc.). It is relatively expensive, and there are higher requirements to the driving age and experience.
Table 1
Basic conditions of carsharing services, operating in Russian Federation [2-17]
|
№ |
Service |
Cities |
Cars |
Tariff per min, rub, |
Tariff |
|||||
|
Driving |
Parking (waiting) |
Night parking |
Overpass |
Booking |
Day tariff |
Fixed tariffs (мин, km.) |
||||
|
1 |
Anytime |
Moscow and Moscow region |
Renault Kaptur |
7 |
2 |
0 (mon-thu) |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
2400 (100 km) then - 8 rub./km |
--- |
|
Kia Rio |
7 |
2 |
0 (mon-thu) |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
2400 (100 km) then - 8 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
Skoda Octavia |
9/7 day/night |
3 |
0 (mon-thu) |
--- |
0 (20 мин) then 3 rub./min |
3200 (100 km) then - 9 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
Nissan Qashqai |
11/7 day/night |
3 |
0 (mon-thu) |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 3 rub./min |
3500 (100 km) then - 11 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
BMW 320 |
16/9 день/ночь |
4 |
0 (mon-thu)) |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 4 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|||
|
Audi Q3 |
13/9 day/night |
4 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 4 rub./min |
4000 (100 km) then - 13 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
Audi A3 |
13/9 day/night |
4 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 4 rub./min |
4000 (100км) then - 13 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
2 |
BelkaCar |
Moscow and Moscow region, and also some districts of Kaluzhskayaand Vladimirskaya region, within the limits of А108 highway Sochi. |
KIA Rio |
8 |
2 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
2000 (100 km) then -8 rub./km |
--- |
|
Ford Fiesta |
8 |
2 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
2000 (100 km) then -8 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
KIA Rio X-Line |
9 |
2,5 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
2200 (100 km) then -9 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
Mercedes-Benz CLA |
16 |
4 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
5000 (100 km) then -16 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
Mercedes-Benz GLA |
16 |
4 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
5000 (100 km) then -16 rub./km |
--- |
|||
|
3 |
Carenda |
Moscow (within Moscow ring road ) |
Ravon R2 |
6 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|
Kia Rio |
7 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|||
|
Hyundai Solaris |
7 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|||
|
Renault Logan |
7 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|||
|
4 |
Car4You |
Moscow |
Renault Logan |
8 |
2 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1999 (150 km) then -8 rub./km |
1 h 400 rub. 6 h 1299rub. |
|
5 |
Carlion |
Moscow within the limits of А107 highway (Small Moscow ring). |
Hyundai Solaris |
6,8 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1890 (130 km) then -5 rub./km |
--- |
|
6 |
Car5 |
Moscow and Moscow region , Saint-Petersburg, and Leningradskaya region , Sochi: in districts Sochi, Krasnaya polyana, Lazarevskoe Novosibirsk: (+40 km around) |
Datsun Mi-Do |
5 |
2 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1500 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
1 h 250 rub. 6 h 1000rub. |
|
Hyundai Solaris |
5 |
2 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1800 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
1 h 350 rub. 6 h 1500rub. |
|||
|
Nissan Almera |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1800 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
||||||
|
Renault Sandero Stepway |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1800 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
||||||
|
Hyundai Creta |
5 |
2 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1800 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
||||
|
Volkswagen Polo |
8 |
2 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
2100 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
1 h 380 rub. 6 h 1600 rub |
|||
|
Nissan X-Trail |
12 |
5 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 5 rub./min |
4370 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
1 h 650 rub. 6 h 2800rub. |
|||
|
Genesis G80 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then by tariff rub./min |
4555 (100 km) then – 5 rub./km |
1 h 900 rub. 6 h 3000 rub |
|||
|
7 |
CarSmile |
Saint-Petersburg |
Renault Kaptur |
9 |
2,5 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2,5 rub./min |
2600 (100 km) then – 6 rub./km |
--- |
|
8 |
Easyride |
Moscow, |
Renault Kaptur |
7 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 3 rub./min |
1800 (100 km) then -9 rub./km |
--- |
|
9 |
Lifcar |
Moscow |
Lifan X50 |
6,5 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|
10 |
Rentmee |
Moscow |
Ravon R2 Hyundai Solaris |
6 (100 км далее 5 руб./ км ) |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1200 (200 km) then - 5 rub./km |
--- |
|
11 |
Urentcar |
Big Sochi (from Lazarevskoe to Vesyoloe and Krasnaya Polyana), |
Datsun On-Do |
7 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1900 (100 km) then 12 rub./km |
+ |
|
Ravon R2 |
7,4 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1900 (100 km, then 12 rub./km |
+ |
|||
|
Chevrolet Aveo |
7,4 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1900 (100 km), then 12 rub./km |
+ |
|||
|
Volkswagen Polo |
8,4 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 (20 min) then 2 rub./min |
1900 (100 km), then 12 rub./km |
+ |
|||
|
12 |
URAmobil |
Cheiyabinsk, Ekaterinburg, |
Lifan X50 |
7 |
2,5 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2,5 rub./min |
1999 (70 km) then 8 rub./km |
Intercity 2499 (300 km, then 8 rub./km, 4 h 59 min after by tariff) |
|
13 |
Youdrive |
Moscow, (+250 km from Moscow ring road) Saint-Petersburg, Sochi (Airport and Krasnaya Polyana) Ekaterinburg (+250 km around Ekaterinburg ring road ) |
BMW i3 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
0 (20 min) then 15 rub./min |
12000 |
– |
|
BMW X2 |
14 |
3,5 |
0 |
3,5 |
0 (20 min) then 14 rub./min |
7900 |
– |
|||
|
BMW 2 series active Tourer |
12 |
3,5 |
0 |
3,5 |
0 (20 min) then 12 rub./min |
6900 |
– |
|||
|
Mini Cooper |
10 |
3,5 |
0 |
3,5 |
0 (20 min) then 10 rub./min |
6900 |
– |
|||
|
Mercedes Benz A200 |
13 |
3,5 |
0 |
3,5 |
0 (20 min) then 13 rub./min |
6900 |
– |
|||
|
Mercedes Benz A180 |
13 |
3,5 |
0 |
3,5 |
0 (20 min) then 13 rub./min |
6900 |
- |
|||
|
Nissan X-trail |
12 |
3,5 |
0 |
3,5 |
0 (20 min) then 12 rub./min |
6900 |
– |
|||
|
Smart Fourfour W453 Turbo |
12 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
0 (20 min) then 12 rub./min |
--- |
– |
|||
|
Smart Fortwo A453 Turbo |
12 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
0 (20 min) then 12 rub./min |
--- |
– |
|||
|
Smart Fortwo C453 Turbo |
9 |
2,5 |
0 |
2,5 |
0 (20 min) then 9 rub./min |
--- |
– |
|||
|
Smart Fortwo W453 Turbo |
9 |
2,5 |
0 |
2,5 |
0 (20 min) then 9 rub./min |
--- |
– |
|||
|
Smart Fortwo C453 |
8 |
2,5 |
0 |
2,5 |
0 (20 min) then 8 rub./min |
--- |
– |
|||
|
Smart Fortwo W453 |
8 |
2,5 |
0 |
2,5 |
0 (20 min) then 8 rub./min |
--- |
– |
|||
|
Smart Fortwo C451 |
8 |
2,5 |
0 |
2,5 |
0 (20 min) then 8 rub./min |
--- |
– |
|||
|
14 |
Delimobile |
Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Ufa, Nizhniy Novgorod, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Grozniy, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk |
Hyundai Solaris |
3-8 (depending on time of the day) |
2,5 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2,5 rub./min |
1999 (70 km – then 8 rub. per 1 km) |
--- |
|
Volkswagen Polo |
3-8 depending on time of the day) |
2,5 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2,5 rub./min |
1999 (70 km – then 8 rub. per 1 km) |
--- |
|||
|
Renault Kaptur |
3-8 depending on time of the day) |
2,5 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) then 2,5 rub./min |
2999 (70 km – then 8 rub. per 1 km) |
--- |
|||
|
15 |
Carusel |
Moscow (+250 km from Moscow ring road) |
Lada Granta |
6 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|
Lifan X50 |
6 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
--- |
|||
|
16 |
Yandex. Drive |
Moscow |
Audi A3 |
от 8 |
from 3 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|
Audi Q3 |
от 8 |
from 3 |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Renault Kaptur |
5-15 |
No data |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Volkswagen Polo |
5-15 |
No data |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Kia Rio |
5-15 |
No data |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Kia Rio X-Line |
5-15 |
No data |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Mercedes E200 |
от 10 |
No data |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Porsche 911 Carrera 4s |
60 |
20 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Porsche Macan |
60 |
20 |
--- |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
BMW 520i |
15-30 |
No data |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
|
Genesis G70 |
No data |
No data |
0 |
--- |
0 (20 min) than 2 rub./min |
--- |
+ |
|||
«Luxury» is 17 rub./min. - 60 rub./min. Perfectly equipped automobiles with outstanding riding qualities (Genesis G70, Porsche 911 Carrera 4s, Porsche Macan, BMW 520i). On the one hand such services provide such benefits as pre-paid parking lots and full damage insurance, but on the other hand, there are the most strict requirements to driving age and experience. Therefore, this carsharing market segment is rare and the least affordable.
In the view of the existence of the strong competition in the carsharing services market of Moscow, the boarders of market segments are rather relative.Under the conditions of competition, some of the market players decrease the price and offer cars with higher characteristics for the less fee than average one on the Russian carsharing market.
Finally it should be underlined that the «Basic» carsharing market segment is considered to be the most promising for further development. Therefore it is observed as the most widespread among carsharing services existing in Russia.
REFERENCES
1. Чупров А. Вопрос эксперту: «Каршеринг – подспорье или угроза для авторитейла?». Available at: https://www.autostat.ru/news/36808/
2. Carsharing service YouDrive. Available at: http://youdrive.today/.
3. Carsharing serviceДелимобиль. Available at: https://delimobil.ru/.
4. Carsharing service Urentcar. Available at: https://carsharing.urentcar.ru/
5 Carsharing serviceКарусель. Available at: http://carusel.club/.
6. Carsharing service Rentmee. Available at: https://rentmee.club/.
7. Carsharing service URAmobil. Available at: https://uramobil.ru/.
8. Carsharing service Lifcar. Available at: https://lifcar.ru.
9. Carsharing service Easyride. Available at: http://www.easyride.ru.
10. Carsharing service Car5. Available at: https://www.car5.ru/.
11. Carsharing service Carlion. Available at: https://carlion.com//.
12. Carsharing service CAR4YOU. Available at: http://car4you.ru/.
13. Carsharing service Anytime. Available at: https://anytimecar.ru.
14. Carsharing service BelkaCar. Available at: https://belkacar.ru/.
15. Carsharing service Carenda ре. Available at: https://carenda.ru/.
16. Carsharing serviceЯндекс.Драйв. Available at: https://yandex-drive.ru/.
17. Carsharing service Carsmile. Available at: https://carsmile.com/.