XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

In domestic and international practice, the problem of Solid Waste Management System (MSW) is one of the priorities in the field of creating a healthy environment [1].

The settlement’s activity is invariably associated with the generation of waste. To dispose them, an infrastructure including specialized collection and export enterprises, their concentration points, and the places of processing or disposal of solid waste has been created and is functioning. The purpose of the functioning of the solid waste collection

and transportation system is to comply with sanitary and hygiene requirements, environmental requirements, the aesthetics of the village using rational routes and traffic safety.

One of the important tasks to achieve this goal is to find the ways to minimize transport losses for operations associated with the transportation of solid waste in the city of Tyumen.

While carrying out the research the technological process of loading solid waste, root causes the root causes of both technological and temporary losses, taking into account the approach to the loading area were studied.

At any place of production there are losses in production.To develop measures for their elimination, it is necessary to carry out a search of 8 main types of losses. The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing and Defects. They are often referred to by the acronym ‘TIMWOOD’. The 8th waste of non-utilized talent or ‘Skills’ of workers was later introduced in the 1990s when the Toyota Production System was adopted in the Western world. As a result, the 8 wastes are commonly referred to as ‘TIMWOODS’ [2].

To determine these losses, the entire process of loading the contents of the container into a waste collection truck was studied. Further, the registration form for losses during the operations at the loading platform (Table 1) was completed on the basis of the actions identified during the analysis of the loading process.

Table 1

Registration Form of Losses during Operations at the Loading Platform

№	Action	T	I	M	W	O	O	D	S
1	Movement around the yard	+		+
2	Worker movement from the vehicle to containers			+
3	Worker movement towards lift control levers			+
4	Control of the worker by levers of the lifting device			+	+
5	Moving a container to the vehicle	+		+		+
6	Stepping aside			+		+
7	Fixing a container			+		+	+	+
8	Fastening container			+		+
9	Pushing the lever			+		+
10	Lifting a container, unloading it and lowering it				+				+
11	Unfixing container			+		+
12	Waiting for garbage to be cracked in the body				+				+
13	Moving the container into place	+		+		+
14	Movement to the next container			+
15	Waste collection from the ground			+		+	+	+	+

In the above list of losses, the losses with the highest significance were selected, and they are accepted for optimization and further developing planning.

Selected losses:

- Superfluous movement losses connected with an unsuccessful location of containers;

- Transportation losses (manual transportation of containers from the loading area to the vehicle);

- Superfluous movement losses associated with temporary obstacles to the manual transportation of the container (snow, waste);

- Superfluous movement losses and excessive production loss due to the need to adjust the situation to the seizures of the vehicle.

The next recommendations for the elimination of those losses that do not require serious adjustments, but will greatly help to establish the technological process of loading solid waste can be given.

1. Typical instructions for the implementation of the process.

Writing Standard Operating Procedure will help to organize and, if necessary, adjust the operations at the loading dock, assess the state of sites in the city.

The inability or ignorance of the rules for performing the main tasks entails a violation of the rhythm of the loading process, increasing the loading time and the entire transportation process. Writing Standard Operating Procedures taking into account the time norms for work for certain types of loading platforms will allow to avoid these losses.

2. The system of penalties imposed on the management companies for keeping the loading platforms in inappropriate condition.

Timely and high-quality cleaning of loading areas from debris, dirt and precipitation allows you to avoid unnecessary actions that lead to losses, and reduce the time of work at the loading area. Using a specially designed form, a driver can record the fact that the management company does not fulfill its obligations to keep the loading areas clean and tidy and transfer the relevant data to a single operator, and he, in turn, makes decisions on punishing these companies.

3 Responsible behavior of residents.

The irresponsible behavior of residents leads to increasing working hours at the loading platform of the vehicle (they park cars blocking the way for the waste collection trucks and leave their waste near the containers without throwing it away). Administrative punishment can be a penalty for not correct parking [3].

4. The organization of a rational loading platform.

Inappropriate location entails a number of problems: an emergency case with personal vehicles of residents, unnecessary runs when maneuvering in the yard area, an increase in the fuel used and combustive and lubricating materials. The best solution would be to transfer the loading area, taking into account the regulations of the location, and it is also necessary to put a fencing with a shed so that the waste does not fly apart and the sediments do not fall into the containers.

References:

1. Alteeva, N.K. Improvement of MSW Management System [Electronic resource] // Central Asian Economic Review. - Electron. Dan. - 2010. - № 6. - p. 127-130. – Available at: https://e.lanbook.com/journal/issue/306434. - Title from the screen. - S. 1.

2. The 8 Wastes of Lean [Electronic resource]: The Lean Way. - Available at: https://theleanway.net/The-8-Wastes-of-Lean.

3. Punishment for violation of parking rules [Electronic resource]: Legal Center. –Available at: https: //pravovoi.center/avtoyurist/narushenie-pdd/shtrafy/narushenie-pravil-ostanovki-ili-stoyanki/vo-dvorah.html.

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