XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

The main feature of the “Automotive Mechatronics” direction at Tyumen Industrial University is the use of innovative methods for educational process implementation, e.g. project activity allows students to gain more practical knowledge. This report is aimed at the creation of a keyless vehicle access system, which provides access to the car without using a key. Both commercial and non-commercial organizations of all forms of ownership can become potential customers of such a system.

The purpose of this project is a brief overview of already existing systems, analysis of their uniqueness and study of the features necessary for the development of a keyless car access system. To achieve the goal, we must perform a number of tasks, namely:

- to study the need for a keyless car access system;

- to consider the various existing keyless entry systems from manufacturers using example of Volvo, Mersedes, Audi;

- to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems;

- to formulate the possible development of the system;

- to create an algorithm for the functioning of the system and its description;

- to describe the prototype of a keyless access to the car device with a view of its further creation.

Before the advent of keyless entry systems, the use of several keys (for the door, trunk and engine compartment) was a problem for motorists as the keys could be lost, moreover the lock could be subject to hacking by car thieves.

The first production of cars equipped with this system (one of them was the Mercedes Benz W220) starteded in the mid-90s [1].

Pic. 1. Key-card for Mercedes Benz.

Each growing company aims at producing its own unique and easy-to-use system. For example, the keyless entry system in the Mercedes Benz W220 was a card that came into contact with the door handle of the car and opened the devery with a thermal sensor, then, when you press a special button on this card and at the same time clamp the brake, the car started.

The keyless entry system of Audi cars consists of 4 antennas, which determine the location of the key near the door or trunk, the key is not used, but is in the pocket. If the key is detected by the system, it is enough to take the handle of the car door and it will open.

Pic. 2. Key-card for Audi.

Volvo’s system is unique brcause a car owner’s mobile phone is used instead of a regular key. This digital key has the capacity to close and open doors, to start the engine, to send a digital key through a mobile application. There is no need to hand over the keys, it is convenient to rent a car anywhere in the world by means of payment and receiving a digital key through the car owner’s mobile phone [2].

From all of the above, we can conclude that the keyless entry system significantly simplifies the operation of the car and the lives of motorists. The disadvantages of the system include such factors as the loss of a key, the possibility of hacking the system and car theft. Besides, some atmospheric conditions or absence of an alarm system can lead to the system failure.

Having considered the systems of the above-mentioned companies, it is possible to conclude that one of the priority areas in this sphere is the integration of the system with mobile communications especially with smartphones which every person owns [3].

To develop the project, we are to take the following components: Arduino uno, connecting wires, XBee module, conductor (XBee adapter), power elements, control buttons.

At the beginning it is vital to configure the module. An XBee is installed on a conductor / adapter to broadcast a data packet infinitely, so that an XBee receiving module that is mounted on an arduino can receive regular updates of RSSI values [4].

Pic. 3. Scheme of XBee installation.

T
hen the connection of two XBee modules should be established. To do this we must configure the modules in API 2 mode, later we must connect one of the XBee modules to the explorer / adapter and then connect it to the computer. Another XBee module must be installed on the XBee shield, and then on the Arduino board.

Pic. 4. XBee module installation.

To make the device work, it is obligatory to load the code in the Arduino board [5]. Program Listing:

#include <XBee.h>

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

XBee xbee = XBee(); //

uint8_t payload_1[] = { "313" };

uint8_t payload_2[] = { "128" };

// SH + SL XBeeAddress64 addr64 = XBeeAddress64(0x0013a200, 0x409879f5);

ZBTxRequest zbTx_1 = ZBTxRequest(addr64, payload_1, sizeof(payload_1));

ZBTxRequest zbTx_2 = ZBTxRequest(addr64, payload_2, sizeof(payload_2));

ZBTxStatusResponse txStatus = ZBTxStatusResponse();

int buttonPins[3] = {2, 3, 4}; // pins

int statusLed = 11;

int errorLed = 12;

void flashLed(int pin, int times, int wait) {

for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {

digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);

delay(wait);

digitalWrite(pin, LOW);

if (i + 1 < times) {

delay(wait);

}

}

}

void setup() {

pinMode(statusLed, OUTPUT);

pinMode(errorLed, OUTPUT);

for (int i=0; i<3; i++)

{

pinMode(buttonPins[i], INPUT);

digitalWrite(buttonPins[i], HIGH);

}

xbee.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

if (!digitalRead(buttonPins[0]))

{

xbee.send(zbTx_1);

flashLed(statusLed, 1, 1000);

}

if (!digitalRead(buttonPins[1]))

{

xbee.send(zbTx_2);

flashLed(statusLed, 1, 1000);

}

if (!digitalRead(buttonPins[2]))

{

flashLed(statusLed, 1, 1000);

}

if (xbee.readPacket(500)) {

if (xbee.getResponse().getApiId() == ZB_TX_STATUS_RESPONSE) {

xbee.getResponse().getZBTxStatusResponse(txStatus);

if (txStatus.getDeliveryStatus() == SUCCESS) {

// Успех. времяпраздновать flash

flashLed(statusLed, 5, 50);

} else {

flashLed(errorLed, 3, 500);

}

}

} else if (xbee.getResponse().isError()) {

//nss.print("Error reading packet. Error code: ");

//nss.println(xbee.getResponse().getErrorCode());

} else {

// flashLed(errorLed, 2, 50);

}

delay(1000);

}

The device sends or receives a signal, then analyzes it and determines the distance between the RFID tags. When the distance between two RFID tags is equal to a certain value, the diode lights up, thereby simulating the automatic opening of the lock.

Thus, after conducting a study on the need for a keyless car access system, reviewing various existing keyless access systems from manufacturers Volvo, Audi, Mersedes, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of existing systems, determining the possible development of systems, creating an algorithm for operating the system and describing it and describing a prototype keyless access device it can be stated that further improvement of the keyless access systems may allow engineers to develop a real lock for installing in the car and to introduce these systems into mass production.

References:

1. Система доступа в автомобиль и запуска двигателя без ключа / http://voditeliauto.ru/poleznaya-informaciya/avtoustrojstva/sistema-dostupa/v-avtomobil-bez-klyucha.html / (04.12.18).

2. Система бесключевого доступа / https://www.volvocars.com/ru/own/enjoy/stories-and-inspiration/autumn/ownership / (04.12.18).

3. Система доступа в автомобиль и запуска двигателя без ключа / http://voditeliauto.ru/poleznaya-informaciya/avtoustrojstva/sistema-dostupa/v-avtomobil-bez-klyucha.html / (04.12.18).

4. Получение значения RSS- поля XBee / https://www.instructables.com/id/Getting-XBee-RSSI-value / (04.12.18).

5. Иго, Т. Arduino, датчики и сети для связи устройств, 2-е изд. [Текст] / Т. Иго. – Петербур: 2015. – 544 с.

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