XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

A lot of articles are devoted to the issue of studying the life cycle of a product (LIC) of high-tech production. In the work “The concept of product life cycles in a modern enterprise” I. Ye. Gasilin examines the main phases of the life cycle of products manufactured using additive technologies in large enterprises under mass production conditions. The article by N. N. Silanteva, “High-tech products life cycle management”, shows the peculiarities of high-tech production, the basic principles of high-tech products life cycle management. However, these works do not address the issues of the duration of life cycles, which is one of its main indicators. Due to constant improvements and the likelihood of a complete change in production, the life cycle of knowledge-intensive industries cannot be definitively determined. In addition, the life expectancy of individual, mass and mass production may also differ. This article highlights the main stages of the life cycle, examines their duration, compares with conventional production, and examines the duration of production processes.

To determine the duration of the life cycle stages, we will estimate the number of operations and their time t required to perform them (Fig. 1). Since the complexity of operations depending on the type of production may differ significantly, it will not be fair to accept them equal in time and laboriousness, therefore it is necessary to take into account additional correction factors. To determine the conditional duration of the LCI, it is necessary to know the following data: the number of operations involved in this stage, and the time spent on their implementation.

Suppose that the life cycle of a high-tech product will be longer during the “Idea”, “Design” and “Preparation for Production” stages. The best source of ideas is a survey of consumers who identify their needs, scientists who, for example, can create an object that allows them to implement new solutions, analyzing the market and the products of competitors. The next operation is the analysis and selection of ideas. Selection of ideas allows eliminating unsuitable ideas as early as possible, which will reduce the time of the stage and move on to the next steps - working out an accepted idea, developing a marketing strategy, and analyzing the possibilities of production and marketing of goods. Since high-tech production is capacious from a financial point of view, the earlier the approximate cost is calculated, the cheaper it will be in the future. At the same time, the idea itself may not be part of the ZhSI, if it will be the foundation for the creation of a project for the development and production of certain products. Often, high-tech products are a fundamentally new product that carries certain risks when entering the market in the form of not selling products for some reason, but in any case, the costs will be high. Therefore, the analysis at the first stage of high-tech production will be deeper. In addition, often high-tech production depends on government funding. While the usual production of ordinary products is not rarely developed by upgrading previous products, which reduces the complexity of the idea phase.

The design phase consists of a technical specification, technical proposal, draft, technical and working draft. One of the foundations of knowledge-intensive production is to conduct research, experiments and tests on which the functional, quality and characteristics of the product depend. These operations are quite time-consuming and lengthy, which negatively affects the execution time.

The stage of preparation for production consists of two parts: design engineering and technological preparation. At the design preparation stage (PKP), the preparation of all graphic documentation is carried out to reproduce the operations assisting in the commissioning of mass production, such as the manufacture of mock-ups and prototypes. The implementation of this task consists of the following stages: technical task, technical proposal, preliminary design, technical project, working draft. All the previously listed stages of the CPC are used to create only the most responsible or high-tech projects. In all other cases, a two-stage design is used, in which it combines the development of technical and working design, and the outline design stage is also often excluded.

Thus, it is shown that, on the one hand, the formal number of operations included in the first three stages of the life cycle for high-tech production may be the same as compared to normal, but because a unique product is created, then the time spent on the implementation of the idea and implementation in production may be more. This assumption is based on the definition of high-tech production itself. High-tech production is production, the result of which is a predominantly high-tech product or service created as a result of research and development (R & D) and manufactured (rendered) on modern equipment using new high-tech technologies. with the use of labor of highly qualified personnel. [1] R & D accounts for at least 60% of the costs associated with product development and production.

On the other hand, a high-tech product must be highly competitive, so its life cycle should not be “protracted” for quick entry to the market. The principle of the organization of high-tech production comes to the fore. A feature of the organization of production is the consideration of all production methods and the choice of such a method, which ensures the best interrelation of elements. The selected method should best meet the production goals. Production can be organized by three methods: flow, party and individual. Line production is characterized by rhythmic repetition of both basic and auxiliary operations located on the path of the technological process. At the same time, the party method of production is distinguished by the production of products of various nomenclatures, the amount of which is determined by the party. A single method is characterized by output in single copies or in small batches. The following factors influence the choice of method:

- the degree of complexity of the product;

- the volume of production;

- the frequency of production;

- the range of products;

- the nature of technological processing.

Summarizing the above, it can be said that the question of the duration of the high-tech product’s life cycle is still open. For a detailed answer, it is necessary to take into account the industry, the degree of scientific elaboration of the product and the level of intellectual protection, the market segment.

Bibliography

1. V. A. Tsygankov Knowledge-based production management system. - О .: OmSTU 2010. - 5c.