XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

The period of trips to the Holy Land, called “Crusades”, besides the most interesting history of the relationship between the two worlds - the western and the eastern, also brought their development, in social, economic and other plans.

In this article I would like to touch on the theme of militant spiritual - knightly orders, or rather one order - the Templar. The Order of the Knights is the organization of knights created during the Crusades in the XI-XIII centuries under the leadership of the Catholic Church mainly to control the borders of the Christian world, to protect pilgrims on the way to the Holy Land, as well as crusades, and other campaigns. As can be understood from the definition, the orders served as a private security organization based on the aspirations of the faithful knights and people. The Order of the Templars becomes the most famous order available to the masses in everyday life.

He gained such fame thanks to the many legends that enveloped this order. He was a huge financial and human strength (in the ranks of the order consisted of 15,000 people), as well as the active work of conspiracy theorists around the world.

The Order has found a place in our days, where the Order often appears in TV programs, as well as, strangely enough, in games where it allegedly exists to this day (Assassin’s Creed Series). But let us go to the essence of the article.

The Templars are a spiritual knightly order, founded in the Holy Land in 1119 by a small group of knights led by Hugh de Payne after the First Crusade. The second in time basis (after the Hospitallers) of religious military orders. Initially, the order is declared, as the order - the defender of pilgrims on the way to the Holy Land, but over time it gained new functions. As history shows, during trips to Palestine, the Order acquired a fairly large amount of finances, which made it possible to have an order in land real estate both in the newly formed states of the East (which were formed after the crusades) and in European countries, especially France. The Order submits directly to the Pope.

The history of the order begins in the so-called Jerusalem era in the period from 1118-1191. The French nobleman Hugo de Payne gathered eight of his relatives, knights, during the First Crusade, organized the militia "Poor Knights in the Service of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher", later the name was reformed into the "Order of the Knights of the Temple". Initially did not represent any force.

"They were so poor that for two people they had only one horse ..."

Since the order did not exist officially, in 1128, during the Council of Troyes, tasks were assigned to develop its charter and basic laws. After that, the order began active mobilization in Europe.

In 1191-1291, a new Era of Acre begins for the order, it is associated with the successful completion of the 4th crusade. The years of the era are marked by successful campaigns, atrocities, as well as the defeats of the great order in the struggle against the Muslims, who still managed to knock the Franks out of their territory.

The fall of the order, and it happened in 1307, happened suddenly. On Friday 13th, all the French possessions of the order were confiscated by King Philip IV of France, and the members of the orders were seized by the Holy Inquisition. The destruction of the order was also approved by Pope Clement V, who, understanding the absurdity of the situation and seeing the material basis of the conflict, took the side of Philip IV. The Templars were subjected to terrible torture and accused of the most serious sins. The order was literally painted in the form of admirers of Satan, more precisely, Baphomet, besides they were engaged in hominidness, spat on the cross, and also used cremation to destroy the bodies of the brothers and add ashes to the ritual meal, which were often held at their meetings.

On November 22, the “Pastoralis praeeminentiae” bullet was created that allowed universal confiscation of the lands of the order, which was done by the countries that were previously dependent on them and on whose territories, respectively, had possessions.

On March 22, 1312, the order “Vox in excelso” was finally disbanded with the order’s official history.

The untruth of the motives for such a “closure” of the order was also unclear to higher forces. During the burning of Jacques de Molay - Master of the Order, after the hardest torture, he was able to cry out the prophecy:

“Philip and Clement, in less than a year I will call you to the judgment of God!” And let Philip's offspring be cursed to the thirteenth generation. Do not be Capetting on the throne of France! ”

After burning, just a month later, Pope Clement V died, and Philip IV fell ill with deadly illness, and his whole family suffered a terrible pain after which the male straight line was cut off and the Capetian dynasty left the throne.

Thus, the Order of the Templars can really be a hero of legends. The Order really possessed capabilities that were causing fear and awe. Indeed, it is hard to believe that so strongly the organization did not have something mystical behind it that stirs interest in it. But wealth has destroyed many, including knights Templar: from the appearance until the fall

The period of trips to the Holy Land, called the "Crusades", in addition to the interesting history of the relationship between the two worlds – Western and Eastern, also brought their development, in social, economic and other plans.

In this article I would like to touch upon the theme of the militant spiritual and knightly orders, or rather one order – the Templar. The spiritual order of knights is an organization of knights, created during the Crusades in the XI-XII century under the leadership of the Catholic Church mainly to control the boundaries of the Christian world, to protect the pilgrims on the way to the Holy Land, as well as the Crusades and others. As can be understood from the definition, the order played the role of a private security company, based on the aspirations of the faithful knights and people. The most famous order available to the masses in everyday life becomes – the order of the Templars.

Such popularity he received thanks to the many legends that enveloped the Templars, harassing them whole states, which they had previously defended.