XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

While designing 3D models of various devices, I wondered what steel grades are most often used in production and why. How can the characteristics of the device as a whole change when choosing a material for individual parts of the mechanism?

Recently, for training purposes, I studied the design and designed a 3D model of the disk valve on the utility model (RU (11) 180420 (13) U, published on 13.06.2018 Bulletin No. 17). Almost all the elements of this device are made of steel, but I was eager to find out which brand of steel is better to make the yoke and axis. After all, they have a very heavy load.

Steels are called alloys of iron and carbon, containing up to 2.14% carbon. Depending on the chemical composition, carbon and alloy steels are distinguished.

After studying the material from the Internet, I came to the conclusion that high-quality carbon structural steel (GOST 1050-88) is used more often.

Its scope is quite wide. The main consumers of alloys are engineering and construction industries. One of its advantages is good weldability.

The main brands of high-quality steels used by industrial enterprises can be divided by purpose:

1. Quality low-carbon steel 05-10. Their main purpose is the production of responsible and high-quality structures by welding (increasing the amount of carbon reduces weldability). A small amount of carbon after welding does not cause cracking both in hot and cold condition.

2. Quality low carbon steel 12-20. Their main purpose is the manufacture of structural elements and parts that are not responsible, low-loaded, subsequently cemented. They are processed by cutting, cold stamping, complex drawing (pipeline, tee, connecting flange, etc.).

3. Quality medium carbon steel 25-35. Parts made of this material operate at medium loads and low stresses. After being exposed to chemical and thermal influence they have high strength of the surface layer, wear resistance, but the core parts possess only a slight strength (nut, screw, dog, hook, cam, sprocket, and others).

4. Quality medium carbon steel 40-45. After being subjected to heat treatment any product of this material can withstand medium loads (shaft, gear, connecting rod and others).

After studying the steel grades, I came to the conclusion that 40X steel is particularly suitable for the manufacture of such important parts as the yoke and axis because this steel can carry the loads on the cut, tension and compression.

References:

1.Utility model (RU (11) 180420 (13) U, published on 13.06.2018 Bulletin No. 17).

2. Steel and alloys. Markochnik. Right ed./V. G. Sorokin and others. Scientific. C77. W. G. Sorokin, M. A. Gervasiev - M .: Intermet Engineering, 2001– 608s, ill. ISBN 5-89594-056-0.

3. High-quality carbon structural steel (GOST 1050-88).