XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Victor Vladimirovich Vinogradov is a famous Russian linguist and a specialist in Russian literature and history. His hard work and undisputable contribution to the modern linguistics are recognized worldwide. The number of his literary works equals almost 300, among them are the works on grammar, lexicology, stylistics, history of the language, etc,

Moreover, V.V. Vinogradov was especially interested in the literary style of Russian writers. Studying the peculiar characteristics of a certain author’s language and manner of writing takes a special place in the sphere of his professional interests. A great number of works is dedicated to such outstanding authors as A.S. Pushkin, M.Y. Lermontov, N.V. Gogol, F.M. Dostoyevsky, and L. N. Tolstoy.

V.V. Vinogradov is also considered to be one of the most influential philologist in the Soviet Union during the 20^th century. He was the head of Institute of Russian Language and Literature more than 10 years, not mentioning other leading positions in this field.

V.V Vinogradov was born on January 12, 1894 in Zaraysk (Ryazan District) in a family of a priest. Due to the occupation of the head of the family, the parents always paid great attention to the moral and ethical aspect of their children’s upbringing.

He acquired secondary education in Ryazan, and then moved to Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), where he studied at two universities at the same time (Institute of History and Philology and Archaeological Institute) and where he graduated in 1917.

Afterwards he continued his studies in Institute of History and Philology under the supervision of academician A.A. Shakhmatov. Having sat the exams and written the thesis on phonetics of the northern Russian dialects, he acquired the position of an associate professor.

Since then V.V. Vinogradov began his teaching career and never ceased to teach until he passed away in 1969. First, he taught a course in the History of the Russian Language in the University of Petrograd in 1920-1921.

Since 1930, he started working as a professor in Moscow where he had been the head of the Russian Language Department at MSU more than 20 years.

The name of V.V. Vinogradov became closely connected with the Russian Academy of Science since 1938. At first, he took the position of a senior scientific researcher at the Institute of Language and Cognition, and in 1946, he became a full member of the Academy of Science.

After the linguistic discussion in 1950, he was promoted to the position of an academic secretary in the Language and Literature Department, then director of the Institute of Linguistics and later of the Russian Language Institute.

Academician V.V. Vinogradov was the permanent chairman of the Soviet Committee of Slavists since 1956, and the chairman of the International Committee of Slavists during the International Congress of Slavists held in Moscow in 1958-1968.

V.V. Vinogradov was also the president of the International Association of Literature and the Russian Language Teachers. His name is well known outside Russia as his works are translated into many languages and a great number of foreign universities recognize him as a merited scientist.

The contribution made by academician V.V Vinogradov to the linguistic studies is immense.

V.V. Vinogradod is an outstanding lexicologist. As a part of the group of Russian linguists, he worked on The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language under the editorship of D.N. Ushakov. He is the author of a number of linguistic articles and also of the section “Meaning of prepositions”, which is considered to be one of the most difficult aspects of the Russian language.

As a lexicologist, V.V. Vinogradov pays great attention to the analysis of phraseological units in a language. This field had not been studied before.

V.V. Vinogradov was the first linguist to give the scientific classification of phraseologisms on the semantic principle. His principles were applied by Koonin to the treatment of English phraseology.

Units with a partially transferred meaning show the weakest cohesion between their components. The more distant the meaning of a phraseological unit from the current meaning of its constituent parts, the greater is its degree of semantic cohesion.

V.V. Vinogradov classifies phraseological units into three classes: phraseological combinations, unities and fusions.

Phraseological combinations are word groups with a partially changed meaning. They are clearly motivated, that is, the meaning of the unit can be easily deduced from the meaning of its constituents. E.g. to take something for granted, to break the silence, to lose one’s temper, to stick at nothing, gospel truth, etc.

Phraseological unities are word groups with a completely changed meaning, i.e. the constituents of the unit do not correspond to the meaning of the constituent parts. Nevertheless, the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meaning of the constituent parts. E.g. to sit on the fence, to lose one’s head, to ride the high horse, to sit sandwich, etc.

Phraseological fusions are the word groups with a completely changed meaning, which are demotivated. E.g. a skeleton in the cupboard, Hobson’s choice, at sixes and sevens, etc.

V.V. Vinogradov also contributed to the grammar studies. His profound knowledge of the history of the language and understanding of numerous grammar phenomena made it possible to create a monograph on the morphology of the Russian language.

What is more, he introduced the term “lexico-semantic system”. The interdependence in this system results from a complex interaction of words in their lexical meanings and the grammatical features of the language. V.V. Vinogradov includes in this term both the sum total of words and expressions and the derivational and functional patterns of word forms and word-groups, semantic groupings and relationships between words.

The interaction of various levels in the language system may be illustrated in English by the following: the widespread development of homonymy and polysemy, the loss of motivation, the great number of generic words and the very limited autonomy of English words as compared with Russian words are all closely connected with the mono-morphemic analytical character of the English language and the scarcity of morphological means.

It is difficult to overestimate V.V. Vinogradov’s contribution to the language studies. During his work in various educational and scientific institutions, he managed to bring together a great number of scientists who studied the main linguistic issues and conducted linguistic researches of great importance.

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Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Approaches to Phraseology: ESSE-9, Aarhus, 22-26 August 2008 / T. Fedulenkova (ed.). Arkhangelsk; Aarhus, 2009. 209 p.

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