XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Currently, the disposal of waste from the oil and gas industry is becoming important. Oil contaminated soils, resulting from the extraction, processing and transportation of crude oil, now occupy landfills with areas reaching tens of km2. This is especially true for enterprises that own such landfills due to the tightening of environmental legislation aimed at increasing fees for negative environmental impacts [1]. At the present stage of development of the oil and gas industry in the RK, the following methods for the processing of oil sludge have been applied.Usually, refineries use a set of measures that includes several of the listed methods for processing oil sludge to achieve the best effect.

The first group should include techniques that include the excavation of contaminated soil and subsequent measures for the disposal of pollution:plowing of oil-contaminated soil into the soil on uncomfortable lands. This technique involves the rehabilitation of oil-contaminated soil, distributing loosened soil (10 kg / m²) over the surface of the earth. This amount of soil polluted with oil is plowed to a depth of 30-35 cm, and land usually falls into the category of average land pollution. Plowing is repeated after a month, gradually decreasing to one per season after 2 years. Most often, the period of detoxification of soil contaminated with oil does not exceed 3 years, but with the use of bioremediation it can be reduced to 1 year [2-3];removal to a remote landfill. Oil contaminated soil can be added to the waste of urban landfills no more than 1-2% of the total waste.

The general term of utilization usually does not exceed - 3-5 years;export of soil contaminated by oil to specialized sites, providing for the distribution of contaminated soil over the area followed by aeration loosening and forced ventilation, irrigation, the introduction of nutrients and microorganisms into the soil. The total disposal period is 1 year;rehabilitation, involving the removal of contaminated soil and placing it in a kagat with a height of up to 2 m. Further irrigation of the laid kagat with a suspension of biomass of microorganisms with the addition of nutrients. Kagat gardening is often used. The general term of recycling is 2 years;processing of soil contaminated by oil on stationary block lines for coarse and fine cleaning, which allows the maximum to bring oil to the specified parameters. At the same time, the soil with the content of oil products not exceeding 15 g / kg goes back to the site. This is followed by remediation .The second group of techniques is devoted to bioremediation measures directly at the site of contamination:

treatment of oil-polluted soil with oil-oxidizing strains of microorganisms with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers to the soil;

treatment of polluted soil with preparations to stimulate the growth of native oxidizing microflora. This technology is currently the most widely used biotechnology for the elimination of oil pollution of the soil;

burning of oil at the site of the spill, which allows you to utilize oil pollution only on the soil surface. Ecologically unfavorable is the destruction of natural biocenoses in places of annealing, as well as air pollution by combustion products.

References

Carter, R. E., MacKenzie, M. D., and Gjerstad, D. H. (1999). Ecological land classification in the Southern Loam Hills of south Alabama. Forest Ecology and Management, 114, 395.

Castaneda, F. , Collaborative action and technology transfer as means of strengthening the implementation of national-level criteria and indicators. In Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, ed. R. J. Raison, A. G. Brown, and D. W. Flinn, 2001, pp. 145-163. IUFRO Research Series No. 7. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.