XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Language is the basis of culture. It can`t exist in isolation from cultural values ​​and trends. Undoubtedly, the question of the interaction of language and culture worries many scientists, linguists and cultural scientists, philosophers and historians. There is not a single culture that exists without language.

Language is a cultural phenomenon and it is regulated by various rules. They are included in the culture of the language to improve it. Language cannot be mastered without social interaction. The process of socialization is based on imitation of gestures - nods, a manner to smile and frown.

It is almost impossible to forget how to speak the native language if its basic vocabulary, rules of speech and structures are learned at the age of eight or ten years, although many other aspects of a person’s experience can be completely forgotten. This indicates a high degree of adaptability of the language to human needs. Language includes rules.

Of course, you know that there is a right and wrong speech. There are many rules in the language for the combination of words and the expression of the desired meaning.

The cultural science ― is the theory and methodology of studying culture. This science studies the nature of culture, its types, forms, functions, structure and dynamics, the science models cultural configurations of various eras, the peoples, societies, reveals lines of originality of the cultural worlds.

Culture consists of four main elements: the concepts, the relationship, the values, and the rules.

The concepts. They are contained in the language. Thanks to them it becomes possible to regularize people’s experience. For example, we perceive the shape, color, and taste of the objects of the world, but in different cultures the world is organized differently.

The relationship. Culture allocates parts of the world using the concepts and reveal how these parts are interrelated - in space and time or by meaning.

The values. Values are the basis of moral principles.Different cultures can give preference to different values, and each social system establishes what is value and what is not. The rules. These elements regulate the behavior of people according to the values of a particular culture.

Culture is an integral part of human life. Culture is transmission from one person to another in the process of socialization and generates a feeling of belonging to a particular group. Members of the one cultural group have confidence and sympathize to each other, than to a stranger. Their common feelings are reflected in slang, favorite dishes, fashion and other aspects of culture.

Culture not only strengthens solidarity between people, but also is the reason of the conflicts in groups and between them. It can be illustrated by the language, the main element of the culture. On the one hand, the possibility of communication promotes cohesion of the members of the social group. Common language brings people together. On the other hand, common language excludes those who do not speak this language or speaks a little different.

High culture is an art. It was created and perceived by elite. The national culture including fairy tales, folklore, songs and myths belonged to the poor. Products of each of these cultures were intended to a particular public, and this tradition was rarely broken. With the appearance of mass media (radio, popular printing editions, television, tape recorders) there was a deleting of differences between high and national culture. So a mass culture arose.

Culture becomes “mass” when its products are standardized and distributed to the general public. In all societies there are many subgroups with different cultural values ​​and traditions. The system of norms and values ​​that distinguishes a group from the majority of society is called a subculture.

The subculture is formed under the influence of factors such as social class, ethnic origin, religion and place of residence. Values ​​of the subculture affect the formation of the personality of the group members.

Culture and language are closely related. Language is used to express and sustain culture and cultural associations. The general signs are characteristic of language and culture: these are the forms creating and reflecting outlook of the people and person; they conduct among themselves continuous dialogue as the subject of communication ― is always a subject of a certain culture; they have the individual and public forms of existence; the normativity, historicism and also mutual inclusiveness of one sphere in another are peculiar to both phenomena.

Language ― is culture component, the main instrument of its assimilation, the carrier of peculiar features of national mentality.

Finally, language is a system of signs that is seen as having itself a cultural value. People identify themselves and others through their use of language; they view their language as a symbol of their social identity. The prohibition of its use is often perceived by its people as a rejection of their social group and their culture. So, we can say that language symbolizes cultural reality.