XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

The article is devoted to the origin of the Russian aviation holidays.

Civil Aviation Day is observed in Russia annually on February 9. This professional day was officially created in 2013.

February 9, 1932 is considered the birthday of Russian civil aviation. On this day the Council of Labor and Defense adopted a resolution on the organization of the Council of Civil Aviation. This resulted in creation of civil aviation fleet and emergence of the first route Moscow – Nizhniy Novgorod. A special flag of Russian civil aviation, staff uniforms and insignia were created and introduced in 1932. A new branch was named Aeroflot, which is today the largest airline of Russian Federation and one of the oldest airlines in the world. The date later was changed to February 9 and President of Russia Vladimir Putin officially adopted this date in 2013.

Cosmonautics Day is a Russian holiday celebrated each year on 12 April. Cosmonautics Day was established in 1962 to perpetuate the first manned spacecraft to orbit the earth, which took place on 12 April 1961. This remarkable achievement was a milestone in the Soviet space program and made worldwide news. Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was the Russian cosmonaut who manned the spacecraft Vostok 1 as it made one complete orbit around the Earth. The journey lasted 1 hour and 48 minutes and made him, not only a Soviet Union national hero, but a hero on a worldwide scale.

On June 1, pilots and attendants of the Military Transport Aviation of the Russian Federation celebrate their professional holiday. It would be more correct to say that June 1 is the day of the creation of the Military Transport Aviation as one of the elements of the Air Force. Today, the Military Transport Aviation is part of the Military Space Forces of Russia. Its history, as one of the components of the structure of the Russian Air Force, has been conducted by the Military Transport Aviation since the early 1930s, when on June 1, 1931 an experienced airborne unit was formed as part of the Leningrad Military District to ensure the landing or dropping of airborne units, as well as transportation of material and technical parts, weapons and food.

Date, July 17, is considered the Day of the founding of Naval Aviation of the Navy of the Russian Federation. As a holiday, this date was established by order of the commander-in-chief of the Russian Navy No. 253 of July 15, 1996. On July 17, 1916, over the Baltic Sea, Russian pilots won a battle in the air during the First World War. Four seaplanes M-9 of the carrier fleet "Orlitsa" of the Baltic Fleet took off and engaged in battle with four German aircraft. The victory in this air battle marked the beginning of the history of Russian naval aviation.

Air Force Day is one of the Russian professional holidays. It's annually celebrated on August 12. The holiday was established in 2006 by a presidential decree and it has the status of a memorial day.

Russian Air Forces were formed from the parts of the Soviet Air Forces in 1991-1992. But during the era of the Soviet Union, Air Forces were formed in 1918 from the remnants of the Imperial Russian Air Service. During World War II the Soviet Armed Forces played an important role in battles against Nazi Germany. Now Russian Air Forces include modern aircraft and highly qualified personnel, safeguarding the borders of the state and in participating in various international missions. Air Force Day is not an official day-off, unless it falls on the weekend.

The Supreme Council of Russia ruled that Aviation Day will be celebrated on the third Sunday of August. It was permitted to conduct demonstrations and different views of the Air Force. The founders of this day became two people: Stalin and Nikolai II. In 1912 the Tsar of Russia created the first aircraft part (30 July, old, new, 12 August) at the Directorate of the General staff, to pass the questions on the progress and development of modern armed forces.

In 1923 it was created the first division voluntary fighters, the team which got the name “Dobrolet”. Also it was built the first air path Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod. The Air Ministry was created around 1964. Now the aircraft for most Russians became convenient and reliable transport. The air transport industry is one of the most progressive industries.

On Saturday, Russia marks Space Force Day, timed to the launch of the first man-made Earth satellite back in 1957.

This holiday was first enacted by a Presidential Executive Order of December 10, 1995, and was called Military Space Force Day. The date was timed to coincide with the first-ever launching of a man-made satellite into space on October 4, 1957. That event ushered in the Space Age, including military space programs. The official date for marking Space Force Day was confirmed by a Presidential Executive Order of May 31, 2006. The Space Force emerged as an independent arm of the service in 2001. On December 1, 2011, the Space Force became part of the Aerospace Defense Force, a newly established arm of the service.

Defenders of Russia are celebrated personal holiday on 23 December (Day of Long-Range Aviation of the Russian Air Force). The heroes of the occasion are aviators, who are ready to fly anywhere in the world to hit the enemy targets. From them also depend calm airspace, so they constantly conduct strategic and operational reconnaissance. This holiday is quite young, because it appeared in 1999. Anatoly Kornukov, who was the commander of the Air Force, approved this date. The reason for choosing a specific date associated with the fact that on the 23^rd in 1913 rose in the air “Ilya Muromets”, the largest bomber in the world. In addition, in the year of 1914 on this day it was volitional decision of Emperor Nicholas II to create the first squadron of these aircraft. That was the beginning of Russian strategic aviation. Politicians and leaders congratulate aviators during this day. Solemn events remind everyone how important the contribution of these military security of the country.