XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Recent years are increasingly attracting researchers to create nanoparticles based on nanoparticles (nanoparticles-the size of medicinal particles that have at nanolevels, that is, a billionth of a meter) that will be delivered directly to the diseased human body by blood flow, which will increase the effectiveness of its use and reduce side effects. In this regard, the receipt of effective nanolakarnyh drugs based on natural raw materials is topical.

Purpose of the study. The purpose of this work is to study the synthesis of new carriers of medicinal substances gel and ointment forms obtained on the basis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) and urea-formaldehyde oligomer (MFO) with prolonged actions.

Materials and methods. Films from polycomplexes were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) components and urea-formaldehyde oligomer (MFO) in equnormal ratios at different component contents and pH of the medium. The solutions were poured onto an optical glass substrate and evaporated at room temperature. The structure of the obtained products was established using IR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. IR spectra in the 400-4000 cm-1 range were recorded with NIKOLET Magna-560 IR spectrophotometers. The mechanical properties of IPC films are studied by stretching.

Results: an interpolymer complex was obtained for the development of nano-drugs based on natural polyelectrolytes (Na-CMC) [1,2]. The structure and physico-mechanical properties of PKI based on Na-CMC with MFOs of different structures were studied. As a result, IPCs with different triazine ring contents were obtained, which have a globular structure with different diameters (from 200 to 500 Å), mechanical strength (from 80 MPa to 140 MPa), elastic modulus (from 3 103 MPa to 3 , 8 103 MPa) as well as the viscosity of solutions having a value in the range from 0.16 Pa ∙ s to 0.20 Pa ∙ s. It is established that PKI based on Na-CMC and MFOs with enhanced strength properties can be obtained from solutions of components taken at an equimolar ratio and at pH = 2.0-3.0. Changing the structure of interacting components, it is possible to control the structure and properties of PKI based on Na-CMC and MFO. The regulation of physical and mechanical properties of PC films opens up wide possibilities for their application as a basis for soft medicinal forms in pharmacy for the production of nano-drugs. In recent years, more than 50% of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies that actively work in the field of nanomedicine use nanotechnology to develop systems for the delivery of active drugs to organs and target tissues (Scheme). These drugs now account for 80% of the turnover in the world of nanomedicine. The production and use of such nanoscale liposomal dosage forms (20-50 nm in size), biodegradable polymers (3-300 nm in size), nanoparticles (up to 100 nm in size) for directional transport, etc., as well as the use of targeted innovative drugs (Targeted drugs are such drugs that act only on the tumor, without poisoning the body, the size of 1-10 nm), providing a nanoscale effect on the biomembrane, which leads to a therapeutic effect.

The systems used to deliver biologically active substances or drugs are shown in Figure 1.

Scheme of drugs in medicinal preparations.

Polymer nanoparticles have been proposed as delivery systems in the 1970s. XX century. Various natural or bioinert synthetic polymers, for example, polysaccharides, polylactic acid, polylactides, polyacrylates, acrylpolymers, etc., can serve as starting materials for them. The term "polymer nanoparticles" is understood to mean two morphologically different types of particles: nanospheres and nanocapsules. Nanospheres are solid polymer matrices on which the active substance is distributed. Nanocapsules consist of a polymeric shell enclosing a fluid-filled cavity. These types of nanoparticles differ in the release of the active drug substance. Another type of drug carrier is biodegradable polymers whose dimensions are 10-300 nm. Biodegradable polymers used in medicine are hydrolyzed in the body by various enzymes. Such natural polymers, such as collagen, chitosan, alginate, etc., can be used as such polymers. Biodegradable polymers for the controlled delivery of medicinal nanoparticles are very promising. Recently, a new field of chemistry of high molecular compounds has been actively developing, connected with the synthesis of three-dimensional superbranched polymers and oligomers, called dendrimers. Dendrimers are polymers measuring at nanoscale levels, which range from 1 to 10 nm. They are formed by the combination of molecules that have a branching structure. Another type of carriers of drugs is carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are long drawn flat graphitic planes that have a cylindrical shape. As a rule, their thickness reaches several tens of nanometers, with a length of several centimeters. At the end of the nanotubes a spherical head is formed, which is one of the parts of the fullerene.

Fig.1. Nanoparticles used for drug delivery:

1-liposome; 2 - polymer nanostructure; 3-dendrimer; 4-carbon nanotube.

On the basis of complex physico-chemical, physico-mechanical, technological and biopharmaceutical research, the promising nature of the use of a polycomplex gel base as carriers of medicinal nanoparticles is shown and a technology for obtaining gels with predetermined physico-chemical and technological properties has been developed.

Conclusions: Thus, on the basis of complex physico-chemical, physico-mechanical, technological and biopharmaceutical research, the promise of using a polycomplex gel base on the basis of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as carriers of nanoparticles in medicinal preparations has been demonstrated.