XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

The Dyakovo and Gorodets cultures are the first archaeological cultures in which iron smelting began to develop. Besides, representatives of these cultures were great at such handicrafts as bone carving and woodworking. Pottery made by Dyakovo and Gorodets tribes was created without potter’s wheel and remained quite rough. Nevertheless, it was decorated with different types of ornaments (reticular, spot and carven).

Unfortunately, only a few finds of the Dyakovo and Gorodets cultures were found on the territory of Vladimir region. But even such scarce finds prove a high level of craft development of the Dyakovo and Gorodets tribes in the Early Iron Age.

A detailed description of the archeological finds allows to form a clear picture of the Dyakovo and Gorodets tribes’ everyday life.

Finds near Vasilkovo village are connected with the excavations of N.A. Krenke in 2013 – 2014. They are represented by a blue oculated bead (VI – III centuries B.C.) and tubular clay spindle [3, p. 45] (Appx., fig. 1).

Finds from the settlement Kibol I were in detail described by V. A. Lapshin. The tools were represented by a flint (VI – VII centuries A.D.), the arms – by an arrowhead (V – VII centuries A.D.), ornamentals and clothes – by a sulgama (brooch) (VII – VIII centuries A.D.) [4, p. 96 - 98] (Appx., fig. 2).

Some elements of Merya settlement Vyzhegsha culture are the analogies of the artifacts in the late Dyakovo culture. Among these finds there are clay things and miniature vessels. (Appx., fig. 3). These finds are uncommon for typical Merya culture. This fact was explained by the author of the settlement Vyzhegsha excavations A.E. Leontiev and connected with the border position of this hillfort [6, p. 201].

Among the finds there is a bead made of golden glass numerous analogies of which were found in the upper layer of the Dyakovo settlements. (Appx., fig. 3, 4) Besides, two arrowheads (I centurу B.C. – III centurу A.D.) were found during the excavations in 2016 [5, p. 58].

An interesting complex of finds was found during the works of A. E. Leontiev in Dmitrievskaya Sloboda hillfort in 1994. Archaeologists found a fragment of clay fishing sinker ornamented with holes, bone arrowhead, pin and sawed moose horn, a bone needle and the upper part of a bone pin. (Appx., fig. 5). Things made of bone characterize the early stages in the development of the Dyakovo and Gorodets cultures. It was the time when people were at the very beginning of making iron tools and arms. This fact helps us date the settlement by the second half of the first century B.C.

Everyday objects were found in Oznobisheno hillfort during the excavations in 1950 by A.F. Dubynin, e.g. clay spindles (Appx., fig. 6, 7). Similar spindles were found on the Dyakovo settlements (Appx., fig. 8) andwidely presented on the Gorodets settlements, being typical for this territory. (Appx., fig. 9-10) Besides, archaeologists found ring fastener and an oval buckle (Appx., fig. 7).

The settlements and hillforts of the Gorodets and Dyakovo cultures in Vladimir region are represented by large complexes of different tools, household things, arms and jewelry. The analogies of artifacts show the unity of material culture in the Early Iron Age period in Vladimir region and its surroundings.

Список литературы:

Дубынин А. Ф. Альбом к отчету о разведках по Ознобишенскому городку на р. Ушна Юромского сельсовета Селивановского района Владимирской области. 1950 г. // Архив ИА РАН. Р – 1. № 466. Л. 21.

Кренке Н. А. Дьяково городище: культура населения бассейна Москвы – реки в I тыс. до н.э. – I тыс. н.э. – М.: ИА РАН, 2011. – ISBN 978-5-94375-104-2.

Кренке Н. А., Ершов И. Н. Городище Васильково на реке Нерль // Российская археология. – 2016. – № 1. – С. 37 – 50.

Лапшин В. А. Керамический комплекс селища Кибол (по материалам раскопок 1989 – 1991 гг.) // Археология Владимиро – Суздальской земли / Отв. ред. Н. А. Макаров; сост. С. В. Шполянский. – М., 2012. – Вып. 4. – С. 95 – 100.

Леонтьев А. Е., Александровский А. Л., Бейлекчи Вал. В.,. Кашкин А. В. Исследования городища Выжегша в 2016 г. // АВСЗ. / Отв. ред. Н. А. Макаров; сост. С. В. Шполянский. – М.: ИА РАН, 2017. – Вып. 7. – С. 51 – 64.

Леонтьев А. Е. Археология мери: к предыстории Северо – Восточной Руси. – М., 1996. – 339 с.

Леонтьев А. Е. Отчет о работе Волго – Окской экспедиции ИА РАН в 1994 г. Ч. 2. Отчет о разведке во Владимирской области // Архив ИА РАН. Р – 1. № 19061.

Приложение.

Рисунок 1.

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Рисунок 7.

Рисунок 8.

Рисунок 9.

Рисунок 10.

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