XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Turkmenistan, a country located on the shores of the Caspian sea, borders with 5 countries, and by sea with Russia, Azerbaijan, in the North with Kazakhstan, in the North - East with Uzbekistan, in the South-East with Afghanistan and in the South with Iran. Most of the area is occupied by the Karakum Desert, in winter the temperature drops to -20 degrees, and in summer the heat is up to 47 degrees.

The capital city of Ashgabat is one of the purest cities in the world, all in new modern unusual buildings.

Known all over the world for its - the most expensive breed of Akhal-Teke horses, the best handmade carpets, and its melons, the country has begun to actively engage in the export of cotton, as it is grown in large quantities, as Turkmenistan is the leader in oil and gas production.

Of all the Central Asian countries and peoples, Turkmens are perhaps the most committed to their traditional dress. Until now, many people in the country with visible pleasure wear and shaggy hats, and long quilted robes, and similar to trousers loose trousers. Women often wear long silk dresses and striped trousers, hiding their hair under light scarves and headscarves. And it's not about ethnic differences - such clothes in the hot and dry local climate is just comfortable. And ornaments also serve as signs of protection.

A large number of customs and traditions accompanies the whole life of local residents and family life. For example, the celebration of marriage is one of the most important events in the life of Turkmens. In rural areas, where there are many old traditions that have come to the local life since the nomadic times, all the preliminary preparation of the wedding take on special representatives of families. Kalym is another important part of the ceremony. Depending on the region and wealth the size of the ransom varies, but the bride's family may require a really huge dowry from the groom. And the wedding itself is a real holiday.

Turkmenistan has a very rich cultural heritage that has been created for thousands of years. This, in particular, is evidenced by the ongoing excavations of Nisa for many years. To be more clear, Nisa is the capital of the ancient Parthian state, which existed at the turn of the I Millennium BC-I Millennium ad. here are the remains of urban neighborhoods, temples, palaces. During the excavations of Nisa were found elegant rhytons, rhytons- a Cup in the form of a horn of ivory, sculptures of clay and stone, coins, archival records on clay tablets. These findings are of global importance.

The culture of Turkmens is somewhat different from the cultural traditions of neighboring Muslim Central Asian States. The fact is that the ancestors of the Turkmen are nomadic tribes, while the lands of modern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were inhabited by settled tribes of farmers. This characteristic is reflected in this aspect of life of the Turkmen people, as cultural development. The main cultural milestones of the peoples of Turkmenistan belong to the traditions of the Turkic Oguz people.

The latter date back to the pre-Islamic period. The tradition of the Oghuz was reflected in literature, music, and folklore of the Turkmen. The most famous work of this period is the national epic Oguz Oguz- name, which also belongs to the cultural heritage of Turkmens, Azerbaijanis and Turks. It was transmitted orally from generation to generation and were recorded only in the middle of the XVI century, is Another monument to the epic poem "Kitabi Dede of Korkud", which reflected the pre-Islamic tribal culture of the Oghuz and the influence of Islam in the XI–XII centuries, the Epic poem sung by folk singers-storytellers.

After the adoption of Islam by the peoples of Central Asia, Arabic script was spread. However, Turkmen poetry used Chagatai language, Chagatai language is close to Persian, widespread in Central Asia. It is on the Chagatay language was developed in the Turkmen literature. It was written by the great Turkmen poets of the XVIII century.

Turkmen poet is Magtymguly . Before Makhtumkuli, Turkmen poetry was very similar to Persian poetry, that is, it was expressed in the form of Sufi philosophical treatises in poetic form. Magtymguly and his followers began to create, going beyond the narrow limits of conventions inherent in Persian poetry. The motives of Turkmen folk poetry and its epic traditions were widely used. The continuation of the heritage of Magtymguly are Seitnazar Seyydy and, Kurbandurdy Zelili.

Since the middle of the XIX century, the influence of Sufism, which previously prevailed in the Turkmen literature, has significantly weakened. And the works of Turkmen poets acquire political overtones. After Turkmenistan's accession to the Russian Empire, social and political satire occupies a leading place in poetry.

Turkmen artistic prose and drama began to develop only in Soviet times. Literature of that period praised the conquest of socialism: women's rights, collectivization of agriculture, and later – the victory of the Soviet people in World war II. The poet, novelist and playwright Berdy Kerbabayev stood out among the Turkmen writers of the Soviet period.

Sources of literature used

History of culture of Soviet Turkmenistan (1917-1970) / Ed. College: CHL.-cor. An TSSR A. Karryev] [and others] ; Academy of Sciences Turkmenia SSR. In-t history. S. Batyrov. - Ashgabat : Ylym, 1975. - 466 p.;.

Population of Turkmenistan: history and modernity: (Rev. and the results.) / S. H. Kadyrov; ed. by V. I. Kozlov; Academy of Sciences Turkmenia SSR, Otd. philosophy and law. - Ashgabat : Ylym, 1986. - 116, [4] p.;.

History of religious beliefs of the peoples of Turkmenistan / S. M. Demidov; Resp. edited by A. A. Roslyakov; Academy of Sciences of the TSSR, the history of them. S. Batyrov. - Ashgabat : Ylym, 1990. - 140, [2] p. ; 20 cm. ; ISBN 5-8338-0129-X

Kopetdag: poems and prose of writers of Soviet Turkmenistan / comp.: G. Veselkov, B. Seitakov. - Ashgabat : Turkmenrosgas, 1955. - 332 p.;.

Poetic skill of Magtymguly Fraga: dissertation ... doctor of philological Sciences : 10.01.03 / Institute of language and literature. - Ashgabat, 1990. - 399 p.