XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

Art-Deco – is the direction in the decorative art, design (including graphic), finishing and the interior equipment and also in part due to the volumetric architecture which developed at the end of 1910-s at the intersection of rational Art Nouveau and simplistic Neoclassicism with use of separate formal lines of vanguard movement of painting and architecture.Art - Deco is a style in which elements of Indian exotic, Empire style, Egyptian and African motifs are harmoniously combined. This style appeared in the thirties of the last century in the American and Western European states.

The term Art-Deco comes from the name Exposition Internationale des Art Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes — the international exhibition of modern and decorative arts and crafts of 1925 in Paris, which fully represented the achievements of arts and crafts of the time. France can be considered the birthplace of art Deco but this artistic movement became international very quickly having influence on Europe and the United States.

Art-Deco style is a combination of simplicity, elegance of form and technically perfect execution. The style preferred geometric shapes and ornaments, straight lines, abstract compositions, patterns with ethnic motifs. Art-Deco is both a style and an expression of the lifestyle and the atmosphere of the 1920s. This elite style of design is the style of fashionable salons, luxurious expensive interiors.

In the Soviet Russia the art already marked a stylistic turning point. Methodical work on the creation of a new type of social housing in the form of large residential areas began. Distinctive for the 20-ies tendency to solve social problems by means of architecture led to the emergence of the new types of buildings. For international exhibitions in Paris (1937) and New York (1939) expensive pavilions with sculptures - "The worker and collective Farmer", "The worker with a Star" were created on the roofs of the pavilions. The interior decoration of the pavilions included all kinds of fine and applied arts: wall paintings, stained glass, mosaics, stucco bas-reliefs, giant photo panels, sculpture, ceramic vases, etc.

The most significant event of the Soviet architecture of the pre-war period, reviewing its development, was a competition for the design of the Palace of the Soviets announced in 1931. Four stages of the competition were held. 160 projects from the USA, Germany and France were considered in the competition. The project of Iofan from the USSR, which developed a high-rise tiered composition, won in the fourth round.

Very popular and widespread in its time Art Deco remains an effective means of recreating elegance and luxury nowadays.

 Art Deco walls are a kind of background setting designed for luxurious furniture and various interior items. On this basis patterned wallpapers are not used. As a rule, the walls in this style are usually sole-colored. Only eye-catching patterned trimming with geometric figures can become a wall decoration. The most acceptable image on such a trimming was a semicircle featuring Egyptians personifying the sunrise. The color scale of Art Deco style stands out for its inimitable contrast. This style encourages the use of light shades for walls, muted and darkened colors for different pieces of furniture. The presence of bright colors is not prohibited. They got their place on numerous patterns and ornaments.

Today, Art Deco is a style that has not lost its popularity. Thanks to the eclecticism and versatility of the techniques, forms of this style, it is possible to find non-standard and very original solutions.

This style has managed to combine straight lines, classics and symmetry, as well as flexuosity that occurs unexpectedly when exotic and some fictional creatures interlink. Art-Deco showed the world new images, combining absolutely incompatible things: the refinement of the beauty of the world and the unbeseeming luxury of the bourgeois stratum of society. Unlike his contemporary, strict and functional avant-garde architecture, Deco did not build a new and fair world of the future. He gave the opportunity to enjoy life here and now.

LITERATURE:

Моженок Т.Э. Женщина и искусство Art Deco // «Вопросы Отечественного и зарубежного искусства», вып. 5, под ред. Н.Н. Калитиной, СПб, 1996.

Хайт В.Л. Русский авангард 1910-1920-х годов в европейском контексте. М., 2000.

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