XI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2019

At present, the degree of satisfaction of the vital needs of each person determines the development of technology. The more perfect they are, the more qualitative and reliable products can be manufactured, the better is the development of all industries, the more wealthy is the life of each person and of the state as a whole.

Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971 in South Africa received his first computer. Elon immediately showed interest in programming, which he studied on his own. At the age of 12, he earned $500 by selling the computer game, which he had programmed. Elon Musk made at least two significant decisions in his life. The first one was made at the age of 17. After graduating from school in Pretoria, he decided to leave home and without the support of parents to emigrate from South Africa to Canada. He had been studying for two years at the Royal University of Ontario before his dream came true - in 1992 Musk arrived in US. He moved to the United States after having received a scholarship to study at the University of Pennsylvania. According to Elon’s version, he learnt the most valuable lessons from the book of Douglas Adams “Hitchhiker’s guide to the Galaxy”. Answering the question, what could most affect the future of humanity, Musk answered that it would be the Internet, the transition to renewable energy sources and the resettlement of people to other planets. The second and the most important and fateful decision of his life was made by Elon Musk in the summer of 1995. He just graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and was doing a post-graduate course at Stanford University to continue his studies in applied physics and materials science. Later, staying in the capital of Silicon Valley, he abandoned science and created his first computer company Zip2. He saved on renting an apartment, and in the first two most difficult years kept the company afloat. At that time, the Internet was going through a period of rapid development, but no one managed to earn serious money via the Internet. Mask was one of the first to create a platform through which Newspapers could offer additional commercial services to their customers. Four years later the largest in those years search engine AltaVista bought Zip2 for $307 million in cash and $34 million in securities. This transaction set a record for the sale of the company in cash. Mask begins to master the electronic payments, which are gaining popularity, and its new business at the turn of the centuries becomes start-up X.com Oh. March 2000 X.com, on a parity basis, merges with the competitor company “Confinity” by Peter Thiel and Max Levchin, whose office is located on the same street in Palo Alto. There is one of the leading payment systems PayPal. Now it provides a huge choice for payment on the Internet, and is an alternative to paying by credit card.

On 24 March 2006, the company launched its first Falcon 1 launch vehicle, which ended in an accident. In August 2006, the company became one of the winners in the NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation services (cats) program competition and received a total funding of about 400 million dollars for the development and demonstration of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle and Dragon spacecraft. The contract for the pots consisted of 40 stages; every stage being funded separately. Its implementation lasted until 2012. September 28, 2008 saw the first successful launch of the Falcon 1 launch vehicle and launch of payload into orbit. On December 22, 2008, SpaceX and NASA signed a contract under the Commercial Resupply services (CRS) program to supply the International space station with the amount of 1.6 billion dollars. Three additional missions were added to the original twelve planned missions. On June 4, 2010 the launch of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle was made, the model of the Dragon spacecraft was launched into orbit. 8 Dec 2010 the orbit first launched Dragon spacecraft. On May 25, 2012 the Dragon spacecraft was first docked to the Harmony ISS module. In 2011, SpaceX begins participation in the manned program of NASA's Commercial Crew Program. On June 28, 2015, there was an accident at launch of Falcon 9 launch vehicle with Dragon spacecraft onboard as part of the ISS SpaceX CRS-7 supply mission. The carrier rocket exploded in the air 2 minutes 19 seconds after the launch. On April 27, 2016, the company received its first EELV contract with the US air force under the program of bringing into space the most important satellites for state security, to launch a navigation satellite GPS 3-2. The sum of the contract amounted to $ 82.7 million.

In late February and early March, the representatives of SpaceX held two important meetings, which can be called the "administrative start" of the grandiose program of Elon Musk to create a network of satellites that will provide the Earth with "space Internet". The first meeting took place with FCC consultant on wireless networks, and the second — with the Chairman of the Federal communications Commission Ajit Pai. Free access documents reveal the essence of the meetings, where the representatives of SpaceX “discussed the achievements in the field of launch technologies, production of spacecraft and ground stations, which would make it possible to create large groups of highly intelligent satellites capable of providing the residents of the United States and of the world with a reliable access to high-speed broadband Internet at affordable prices". The SpaceX proposal states: "the System is designed to provide a wide range of broadband and communication services for residential, commercial, institutional, governmental and professional needs worldwide."

Elon Musk first announced the idea of creating a universal Internet network in space in 2015, and initially he saw in this idea the possibility of providing access to the world network to future settlers on Mars, as well as to those who today do not have access to the Internet on Earth. Space X was going to test the system in 2018 with the help of satellites launched now. Implementation of the first phase of the plan will begin in 2019. It is assumed that 800 satellites will cover the entire territory of the United States Internet. They will be delivered to the required height for 32 launches. That is, one flight will launch 25 satellites. By 2024, the company hopes that 4425 satellites will be in a low earth orbit. They will fly at an altitude of 1110-1325 km. This will provide the Internet not only to the United States and to its closest countries, but also other corners of the planet. This height, according to the company, will avoid the main drawback inherent to the satellite Internet — long delays and interference. At the second stage, the company plans to launch 7,518 satellites. They will work at the altitudes from 335 to 346 km. This will increase the throughput of the Internet connection and create a competitive with the terrestrial alternatives system. The satellites will be located at different altitudes and angles, which will serve the territory at different latitudes. The project also describes the process of returning to Earth satellites that have served their 5-7-year service life. In this section, SpaceX provides calculations for satellites that will enter orbit in 2019 and will require replacement by 2024.

There are different opinions about Masks’ projects. Some people consider Elon Mask to be a genius and the others are sure that he is a great fraud. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the projects described above are very exciting. They can be thought of as a fantasy but it is really a breathtaking fantasy.

Список используемой литературы:

https://24smi.org/celebrity/11106-ilon-mask.html

https://www.mirf.ru/science/elon-musk

https://roskomsvoboda.org/21762/

http://www.myshared.ru/slide/1363637/

https://roskomsvoboda.org/26953/