X Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2018

The technology of storage of root crops, including potatoes, requires compliance with important rules: the surface of every instance granadinos product should be dry. On the dry and healthy surface of fruits and vegetables, the spores of phytopathogenic microorganisms are deprived of the ability to germinate and develop. Once on the surface of the product is of liquid droplet moisture, microorganisms, previously suspended animation, start their active life, which causes spoilage is the main cause of loss of fruits and vegetables.

In accordance with NTP-APK 1.10.12.001-02 product loss during storage consists of natural loss (weight loss), losses from diseases and germination. The amount of natural loss of potato mass during long-term storage is normalized, and losses of products from diseases are not subject to normalization. Due to the fact that the official regulation of product losses from diseases does not occur, this article is acted as a departure. The decommissioning waste potato head manufacturer appointed a special Commission, which is an act. The Commission shall determine the causes and dimensions of the waste, taking into account the original quality of the potatoes, drawn up by the act of analysis of tubers, drawn up at the time of laying the potatoes for storage, and on the basis of these data decides on the possibility of write-off of waste.

Of liquid droplet moisture may appear on the surface of the product due to various reasons: the formation of condensation in the upper part of the embankment with insufficient ventilation; condensate dripping from the ceiling and walling for violation of the design of the microclimate in the repository; infiltration of precipitation through the leaky roof; the output is the spring of groundwater when poorly executed waterproofing of the base. These causes of moisture are well known and all measures are taken to eliminate them if the storage is properly operated.

However, the list of the above reasons is not complete. Another source of moisture dropper in the storage can be the system of humidification of the air flow (BP), when disk sprayers are used as a generator of the humidifying agent. Disk sprayers form a polydisperse torch of water aerosol, and individual drops can reach the sizes of several hundred micrometers. It is these "large" drops that are the source of danger to the product, when they reach the surface of tubers without having completely evaporated into the VP.

Theoretically, the waste caused by "large" drops from the disc atomizers, is the place to be, however, precise information about the value of this waste and the contribution of this factor in the article the total mass loss in the scientific literature are given. This waste may depend on a variety of factors (the quality of the original product, varietal characteristics, design and location of the atomizer, etc.), but almost can not be strictly defined. In practice, the total amount of waste can reach 40-60%, but it is not clear what proportion is waste caused by diseases of the product from the "large" drops. For further calculations, let's assume that such waste can be at least commensurate with the amount of natural loss (5 – 8%). Using ultrasonic sprayers in the humidification system of the storage, it is possible to obtain an effective and safe humidifying agent for the stored product – a highly dispersed aerosol with an average droplet size not exceeding 20 microns. This aerosol evaporates almost instantly into the VP and does not pose a danger of contact of drops with the surface of the product. In this regard, the part of the waste, which involves the loss of mass from diseases caused by the contact of "large" drops with the product, is reduced to zero, which increases the percentage of safety of products and creates a tangible economic effect. The value of this economic effect is expressed in monetary terms from the sale of additionally stored products.

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